01
Physical geography
Lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south.
Local timeBerlin ·
Europe / Western Europe · Card 017
Germany
Germany is a country in Western Europe. Its capital is Berlin.
Find Germany
● Capital · Gold highlights this card’s area.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
At a glance
- Capital
- Berlin
- Languages
- German
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)
- Population
- 83.5 million2025 · World Bank
- Area
- 357,114 km²137,882.43 square miles
- Reunification
- 1990The modern empire was unified in 1871.
Germany in context
Europe and its surrounding regions. The dot marks Berlin; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.
Natural Earth · locator mapGeography & languages
02
Languages
Languages used in public life include German.
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Location
Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark.
Flag
Three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and gold
History & status
A unified German Empire was established in 1871. Nazi rule, the Holocaust and the Second World War were followed by occupation and division into two German states in 1949. Peaceful protests and political change led to reunification in 1990.
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The German Empire is established
-
West Germany and East Germany are founded
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Germany is reunified
Economy
Main activities
Manufacturing and services are both important. Vehicles, machinery, chemicals and electrical equipment are leading export industries. Germany is closely integrated with European and global supply chains.
Industry and production
iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, automobiles, food and beverages, shipbuilding, textiles
Population & economic trends
Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.
Population, 1970–2025
Millions of people83.52025 · millions of people
Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.
Sources: World Bank · Population
View data table
| Year | People | Millions of people |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 78,169,289 | 78.169 |
| 1980 | 78,288,576 | 78.289 |
| 1990 | 79,433,029 | 79.433 |
| 2000 | 82,211,508 | 82.212 |
| 2010 | 81,776,930 | 81.777 |
| 2020 | 83,160,871 | 83.161 |
| 2025 | 83,491,249 | 83.491 |
Real GDP, 1990–2025
Trillions of constant 2015 US dollars3.72025 · trillions of constant 2015 US dollars
Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.
Sources: World Bank · Real GDP
View data table
| Year | Constant 2015 US$ | Trillions of constant 2015 US dollars |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2,364,190,062,225 | 2.364 |
| 1991 | 2,484,959,073,006 | 2.485 |
| 1992 | 2,534,996,542,114 | 2.535 |
| 1993 | 2,510,330,187,123 | 2.510 |
| 1994 | 2,575,519,839,599 | 2.576 |
| 1995 | 2,614,281,254,585 | 2.614 |
| 1996 | 2,641,414,240,991 | 2.641 |
| 1997 | 2,690,394,576,515 | 2.690 |
| 1998 | 2,746,774,816,494 | 2.747 |
| 1999 | 2,805,269,313,431 | 2.805 |
| 2000 | 2,885,963,533,943 | 2.886 |
| 2001 | 2,933,181,986,969 | 2.933 |
| 2002 | 2,926,486,831,429 | 2.926 |
| 2003 | 2,910,982,263,392 | 2.911 |
| 2004 | 2,944,810,405,337 | 2.945 |
| 2005 | 2,970,886,268,370 | 2.971 |
| 2006 | 3,085,761,005,286 | 3.086 |
| 2007 | 3,174,912,263,838 | 3.175 |
| 2008 | 3,203,102,383,827 | 3.203 |
| 2009 | 3,025,504,625,850 | 3.026 |
| 2010 | 3,150,598,283,304 | 3.151 |
| 2011 | 3,268,996,785,219 | 3.269 |
| 2012 | 3,284,148,978,798 | 3.284 |
| 2013 | 3,297,186,905,208 | 3.297 |
| 2014 | 3,369,071,713,224 | 3.369 |
| 2015 | 3,425,099,578,746 | 3.425 |
| 2016 | 3,501,212,900,676 | 3.501 |
| 2017 | 3,599,173,571,725 | 3.599 |
| 2018 | 3,640,049,243,667 | 3.640 |
| 2019 | 3,675,639,268,112 | 3.676 |
| 2020 | 3,523,764,998,710 | 3.524 |
| 2021 | 3,661,544,208,117 | 3.662 |
| 2022 | 3,727,790,994,178 | 3.728 |
| 2023 | 3,695,372,350,062 | 3.695 |
| 2024 | 3,677,048,776,154 | 3.677 |
| 2025 | 3,685,858,188,651 | 3.686 |
Human development
The Human Development Index combines health, education and income. Scores range from 0 to 1.
HDI · 20230.959Very High human developmentRank 5 of 193 · 2025 report
Human Development Index over time
19900.834
20000.897
20100.936
20200.955
20230.959
81.4 yearsLife expectancy at birth
14.3 yearsMean schooling, adults aged 25+
The latest values refer to 2023. All historical scores use the same report edition. HDI does not describe every aspect of inequality or quality of life.
Sources: UNDP · Human Development Report 2025
Government
Federal parliamentary republic. Parliament has two chambers (a bicameral legislature).
Knowledge check
Three questions about Germany.
QUESTION 1 OF 3
Which currency is listed for Germany?
Sources & notes
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile
Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.
Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.