01
Physical geography
Peaks of the Tien Shan mountain range and associated valleys and basins encompass the entire country.
Local timeBishkek ·
Asia / Central Asia · Card 022
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan is a country in Central Asia. Its capital is Bishkek.
Find Kyrgyzstan
● Capital · Gold highlights this card’s area.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
At a glance
- Capital
- Bishkek
- Languages
- Kyrgyz & Russian
- Currency
- Kyrgyzstani som (KGS)
- Population
- 7.3 million2025 · World Bank
- Area
- 199,951 km²77,201 square miles
- Independence
- 1991from the Soviet Union
Kyrgyzstan in context
Asia and its surrounding regions. The dot marks Bishkek; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.
Natural Earth · locator mapGeography & languages
02
Languages
Languages used in public life include Kyrgyz, Russian.
03
Location
Central Asia, west of China, south of Kazakhstan.
Flag
Red field with a yellow sun in the center that has 40 rays that run counterclockwise on the front of the flag and clockwise on the reverse; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines in a stylized representation of a tunduk, the circular opening at the top of a traditional Kyrgyz yurt
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · Kyrgyz constitutional reform, 2021
History & independence
Kyrgyz territories became part of the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union. Kyrgyzstan declared independence in 1991. Political upheavals in 2005 and 2010 replaced governments; a 2021 constitution shifted the system toward a stronger presidency.
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Independence
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Political upheaval and constitutional change
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New constitution strengthens the presidency
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · Kyrgyz constitutional reform, 2021
Economy
Main activities
Gold mining, agriculture, services and remittances are major parts of the economy. Mountainous terrain shapes transport, hydropower potential and rural livelihoods.
Industry and production
small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, lumber, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · Kyrgyz constitutional reform, 2021
Population & economic trends
Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.
Population, 1970–2025
Millions of people7.32025 · millions of people
Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.
Sources: World Bank · Population
View data table
| Year | People | Millions of people |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 2,959,900 | 2.960 |
| 1980 | 3,617,400 | 3.617 |
| 1990 | 4,391,236 | 4.391 |
| 2000 | 4,898,362 | 4.898 |
| 2010 | 5,467,059 | 5.467 |
| 2020 | 6,726,596 | 6.727 |
| 2025 | 7,343,064 | 7.343 |
Real GDP, 1990–2025
Billions of constant 2015 US dollars11.42025 · billions of constant 2015 US dollars
Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.
Sources: World Bank · Real GDP
View data table
| Year | Constant 2015 US$ | Billions of constant 2015 US dollars |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 5,284,729,935 | 5.285 |
| 1991 | 4,864,914,940 | 4.865 |
| 1992 | 4,191,715,901 | 4.192 |
| 1993 | 3,543,704,782 | 3.544 |
| 1994 | 2,831,946,048 | 2.832 |
| 1995 | 2,678,346,337 | 2.678 |
| 1996 | 2,868,093,848 | 2.868 |
| 1997 | 3,152,472,635 | 3.152 |
| 1998 | 3,219,362,911 | 3.219 |
| 1999 | 3,337,056,039 | 3.337 |
| 2000 | 3,518,703,233 | 3.519 |
| 2001 | 3,705,955,298 | 3.706 |
| 2002 | 3,705,313,255 | 3.705 |
| 2003 | 3,965,807,641 | 3.966 |
| 2004 | 4,244,477,505 | 4.244 |
| 2005 | 4,237,027,793 | 4.237 |
| 2006 | 4,368,498,476 | 4.368 |
| 2007 | 4,741,693,830 | 4.742 |
| 2008 | 5,140,072,740 | 5.140 |
| 2009 | 5,288,430,380 | 5.288 |
| 2010 | 5,263,491,909 | 5.263 |
| 2011 | 5,576,999,925 | 5.577 |
| 2012 | 5,572,083,788 | 5.572 |
| 2013 | 6,180,302,892 | 6.180 |
| 2014 | 6,429,000,668 | 6.429 |
| 2015 | 6,678,177,512 | 6.678 |
| 2016 | 6,967,733,667 | 6.968 |
| 2017 | 7,297,999,869 | 7.298 |
| 2018 | 7,572,252,145 | 7.572 |
| 2019 | 7,920,623,120 | 7.921 |
| 2020 | 7,354,379,549 | 7.354 |
| 2021 | 7,759,385,792 | 7.759 |
| 2022 | 8,455,209,117 | 8.455 |
| 2023 | 9,217,301,874 | 9.217 |
| 2024 | 10,280,951,959 | 10.281 |
| 2025 | 11,421,728,479 | 11.422 |
Human development
The Human Development Index combines health, education and income. Scores range from 0 to 1.
HDI · 20230.720High human developmentRank 117 of 193 · 2025 report
Human Development Index over time
19900.649
20000.627
20100.668
20200.700
20230.720
71.7 yearsLife expectancy at birth
12.1 yearsMean schooling, adults aged 25+
The latest values refer to 2023. All historical scores use the same report edition. HDI does not describe every aspect of inequality or quality of life.
Sources: UNDP · Human Development Report 2025
Government
Presidential republic under the 2021 constitution. The president leads the executive, while the Supreme Council (Jogorku Kenesh) is the single-chamber national legislature.
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · Kyrgyz constitutional reform, 2021
Knowledge check
Three questions about Kyrgyzstan.
QUESTION 1 OF 3
In which year did this event occur in Kyrgyzstan: Independence?
Sources & notes
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · Kyrgyz constitutional reform, 2021
Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.
Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.