Netherlands

Landscape

The Netherlands is predominantly low-lying, with parts of the country below sea level. Rivers including the Rhine and Meuse spread toward the North Sea through a broad delta. Dunes, dikes and engineered water systems help define the landscape.

Polders are areas where water levels are managed to keep land usable. The Wadden Sea, farther north, contains tidal flats and islands that change appearance with the tide. These environments contrast with densely settled inland and coastal districts.

Climate & seasons

In the European Netherlands, the North Sea brings a maritime climate with relatively mild winters and moderate summers. Rain can occur throughout the year.

Managing water

Drainage, flood protection and freshwater supply are central geographic concerns. Wetlands and river corridors also provide important habitats. The Dutch landscape reflects a long interaction between natural sediment, water movement and human engineering.