01
Physical geography
Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country.
Local timePrague ·
Europe / Central Europe · Card 010
Czechia
Czechia is a country in Central Europe. Its capital is Prague.
Find Czechia
● Capital · Gold highlights this card’s area.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
At a glance
- Capital
- Prague
- Languages
- Czech
- Currency
- Czech koruna (CZK)
- Population
- 10.9 million2025 · World Bank
- Area
- 78,865 km²30,449.93 square miles
- Separate state
- 1993Peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia.
Czechia in context
Europe and its surrounding regions. The dot marks Prague; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.
Natural Earth · locator mapGeography & languages
02
Languages
Czech is the official language. Slovak and minority languages are also used.
03
Location
Central Europe, between Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria.
Flag
Two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the left side
History & status
Czechoslovakia was formed in 1918 after the collapse of Austria-Hungary. The peaceful Velvet Revolution ended communist rule in 1989. Czechia became a separate state on 1 January 1993 when Czechoslovakia split by agreement.
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Czechoslovakia is established
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The Velvet Revolution ends communist rule
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Czechia becomes a separate state
Economy
Main activities
Automotive production, engineering, electronics and other manufacturing are central to exports. Services and tourism also contribute. The economy is closely connected to European industrial supply chains.
Industry and production
motor vehicles, metallurgy, machinery and equipment, glass, armaments
Population & economic trends
Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.
Population, 1970–2025
Millions of people10.92025 · millions of people
Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.
Sources: World Bank · Population
View data table
| Year | People | Millions of people |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 9,858,071 | 9.858 |
| 1980 | 10,304,193 | 10.304 |
| 1990 | 10,333,355 | 10.333 |
| 2000 | 10,255,063 | 10.255 |
| 2010 | 10,474,410 | 10.474 |
| 2020 | 10,697,858 | 10.698 |
| 2025 | 10,886,878 | 10.887 |
Real GDP, 1990–2025
Billions of constant 2015 US dollars228.82025 · billions of constant 2015 US dollars
Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.
Sources: World Bank · Real GDP
View data table
| Year | Constant 2015 US$ | Billions of constant 2015 US dollars |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 122,972,963,913 | 122.973 |
| 1991 | 108,689,725,031 | 108.690 |
| 1992 | 108,139,165,551 | 108.139 |
| 1993 | 108,206,108,282 | 108.206 |
| 1994 | 111,354,158,853 | 111.354 |
| 1995 | 118,281,953,160 | 118.282 |
| 1996 | 123,212,636,053 | 123.213 |
| 1997 | 122,478,487,836 | 122.478 |
| 1998 | 121,996,963,424 | 121.997 |
| 1999 | 123,678,521,512 | 123.679 |
| 2000 | 128,638,858,401 | 128.639 |
| 2001 | 132,391,536,300 | 132.392 |
| 2002 | 134,395,228,572 | 134.395 |
| 2003 | 138,831,395,778 | 138.831 |
| 2004 | 145,406,922,288 | 145.407 |
| 2005 | 154,676,655,550 | 154.677 |
| 2006 | 164,921,158,025 | 164.921 |
| 2007 | 173,973,393,346 | 173.973 |
| 2008 | 178,518,044,754 | 178.518 |
| 2009 | 169,952,170,271 | 169.952 |
| 2010 | 174,565,802,522 | 174.566 |
| 2011 | 177,659,773,383 | 177.660 |
| 2012 | 176,290,606,022 | 176.291 |
| 2013 | 176,216,894,660 | 176.217 |
| 2014 | 180,173,337,875 | 180.173 |
| 2015 | 189,107,698,562 | 189.108 |
| 2016 | 193,988,322,685 | 193.988 |
| 2017 | 204,024,435,233 | 204.024 |
| 2018 | 209,798,950,825 | 209.799 |
| 2019 | 217,279,912,682 | 217.280 |
| 2020 | 205,753,475,018 | 205.753 |
| 2021 | 214,043,320,221 | 214.043 |
| 2022 | 220,137,498,831 | 220.137 |
| 2023 | 220,242,240,981 | 220.242 |
| 2024 | 222,998,156,286 | 222.998 |
| 2025 | 228,752,549,524 | 228.753 |
Human development
The Human Development Index combines health, education and income. Scores range from 0 to 1.
HDI · 20230.915Very High human developmentRank 29 of 193 · 2025 report
Human Development Index over time
19900.753
20000.817
20100.880
20200.898
20230.915
79.8 yearsLife expectancy at birth
13.0 yearsMean schooling, adults aged 25+
The latest values refer to 2023. All historical scores use the same report edition. HDI does not describe every aspect of inequality or quality of life.
Sources: UNDP · Human Development Report 2025
Government
Parliamentary republic. Parliament (Parlament) has two chambers (a bicameral legislature).
Knowledge check
Three questions about Czechia.
QUESTION 1 OF 3
Czechia became a separate state after the peaceful dissolution of which country?
Sources & notes
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile
Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.
Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.