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Flag shown for Czechia

Czechia

Czechia is a country in Central Europe. Its capital is Prague.

Find Czechia

PragueCzechiaSlovakiaPolandHungaryGermanyAustria
● Capital · Gold highlights this card’s area.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.

At a glance

Capital
Prague
Language guide
Languages spoken & official status
Currency
Czech koruna (CZK)
Population
10.9 million2025 · World Bank
Area
78,865 km²30,449.93 square miles
Separate state
1993Peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia.

Czechia in context

Europe and its surrounding regions. The dot marks Prague; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.

Natural Earth · locator map

Geography & environment

Landscape

Czechia is a landlocked country of basins, rolling uplands and border mountains. Bohemia occupies a broad western basin, while Moravia contains valleys and lower corridors farther east. Rivers drain toward several different European sea basins.

Sandstone regions such as Bohemian Switzerland have cliffs, gorges and unusual rock formations. Elsewhere, cultivated hills and river valleys form a gentler landscape. Mountains around parts of the country’s edge influence both rainfall and travel routes.

Climate & seasons

The climate is temperate, with warmer summers and cold winters. Higher ground is cooler than the river valleys and lowland basins.

Forests & rivers

Forests cover many uplands, while lower ground supports agriculture and settlement. Winter snow and seasonal rain feed rivers. Floodplains and wetlands provide habitats that differ from the surrounding cultivated landscape.

Flag shown for Czechia

Flag

Two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the left side

Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile

Languages

Public and official use

Czech is the official language and the main language of public life. Slovak is closely related and is widely understood.

Community and regional languages

Polish, Romani, Ukrainian, Vietnamese and other languages are spoken by resident communities. Czech and Slovak remain distinct languages despite their close relationship and the two countries’ shared twentieth-century history.

Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile

History & status

Czechoslovakia was formed in 1918 after the collapse of Austria-Hungary. The peaceful Velvet Revolution ended communist rule in 1989. Czechia became a separate state on 1 January 1993 when Czechoslovakia split by agreement.

  1. Czechoslovakia is established

  2. The Velvet Revolution ends communist rule

  3. Czechia becomes a separate state

Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile

Economy

Main activities

Automotive production, engineering, electronics and other manufacturing are central to exports. Services and tourism also contribute. The economy is closely connected to European industrial supply chains.

Industry and production

motor vehicles, metallurgy, machinery and equipment, glass, armaments

Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile

Population & economic trends

Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.

Population, 1970–2025

Millions of people
10.92025 · millions of people
0.0010.020.09.9197010.3198010.3199010.3200010.5201010.7202010.92025

Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.

Sources: World Bank · Population

View data table
Population: source values and plotted units
Year People Millions of people
1970 9,858,071 9.858
1980 10,304,193 10.304
1990 10,333,355 10.333
2000 10,255,063 10.255
2010 10,474,410 10.474
2020 10,697,858 10.698
2025 10,886,878 10.887

Real GDP, 1990–2025

Billions of constant 2015 US dollars
228.82025 · billions of constant 2015 US dollars
0.00150.0300.019902000201020202025

Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.

Sources: World Bank · Real GDP

View data table
Real GDP: source values and plotted units
Year Constant 2015 US$ Billions of constant 2015 US dollars
1990 122,972,963,913 122.973
1991 108,689,725,031 108.690
1992 108,139,165,551 108.139
1993 108,206,108,282 108.206
1994 111,354,158,853 111.354
1995 118,281,953,160 118.282
1996 123,212,636,053 123.213
1997 122,478,487,836 122.478
1998 121,996,963,424 121.997
1999 123,678,521,512 123.679
2000 128,638,858,401 128.639
2001 132,391,536,300 132.392
2002 134,395,228,572 134.395
2003 138,831,395,778 138.831
2004 145,406,922,288 145.407
2005 154,676,655,550 154.677
2006 164,921,158,025 164.921
2007 173,973,393,346 173.973
2008 178,518,044,754 178.518
2009 169,952,170,271 169.952
2010 174,565,802,522 174.566
2011 177,659,773,383 177.660
2012 176,290,606,022 176.291
2013 176,216,894,660 176.217
2014 180,173,337,875 180.173
2015 189,107,698,562 189.108
2016 193,988,322,685 193.988
2017 204,024,435,233 204.024
2018 209,798,950,825 209.799
2019 217,279,912,682 217.280
2020 205,753,475,018 205.753
2021 214,043,320,221 214.043
2022 220,137,498,831 220.137
2023 220,242,240,981 220.242
2024 222,998,156,286 222.998
2025 228,752,549,524 228.753

Human development

The Human Development Index combines health, education and income. Scores range from 0 to 1.

HDI · 20230.915Very High human developmentRank 29 of 193 · 2025 report

Human Development Index over time

19900.753
20000.817
20100.880
20200.898
20230.915
79.8 yearsLife expectancy at birth
13.0 yearsMean schooling, adults aged 25+

The latest values refer to 2023. All historical scores use the same report edition. HDI does not describe every aspect of inequality or quality of life.

Sources: UNDP · Human Development Report 2025

Government

Parliamentary republic. Parliament (Parlament) has two chambers (a bicameral legislature).

Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile

Knowledge check

Three questions about Czechia.

QUESTION 1 OF 3

Czechia became a separate state after the peaceful dissolution of which country?

Sources & notes

Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile

Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.

Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.

PragueCzechiaSlovakiaPolandHungaryGermanyAustria