England is a constituent country of the United Kingdom. London is its capital and the UK capital.
Europe and its surrounding regions. The dot marks London; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.
Natural Earth · locator mapEngland includes uplands in the north and west and broader lowlands across much of the south and east. River valleys, rolling hills and agricultural plains form a varied landscape rather than a uniformly flat country.
The Lake District contains mountains and lakes shaped by glaciation. The chalk cliffs near Dover represent a different geological history along the southeast coast. Other coasts include estuaries, dunes, rocky headlands and low marshland.
Woodlands, moorlands, wetlands and farmland support different habitats. A maritime climate brings rain in every season, although regional totals vary. Rivers connect upland catchments with towns, farms and estuaries downstream.
The cross of Saint George: a red upright cross on a white field.
Sources: ONS · England population · UK Parliament · devolution · House of Lords · union and devolution history · ONS · regional economic activity
The northern uplands contain valleys and hills shaped by glaciation.
Photo: Lake District Landscape by Robert Struthers · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Chalk cliffs rise above the English Channel in Kent.
Photo: kallerna · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
English is the main language of public life and everyday communication. Cornish has a historic and revived presence in Cornwall, and British Sign Language is legally recognized.
Polish, Punjabi, Urdu, Bengali, Gujarati, Arabic and many other languages are spoken by resident communities. England’s shared use of English coexists with substantial multilingualism.
Sources: Office for National Statistics · Languages, Census 2021 · UK Government · British Sign Language recognition
The English kingdom took shape during the early Middle Ages. The Norman Conquest of 1066 changed its ruling elite. The 1707 union joined England, which then included Wales, with Scotland to form Great Britain. England is now a constituent country of the UK.
Sources: ONS · England population · UK Parliament · devolution · House of Lords · union and devolution history · ONS · regional economic activity
Services account for much economic activity, including finance, professional services, education, health and retail. Manufacturing includes vehicles, aerospace and pharmaceuticals. Farming and regional industrial centers remain important beyond London.
Manufacturing includes aerospace, vehicles, medicines and food. Industrial activity is spread across regions, while London is an international financial and business-services center.
Sources: ONS · England population · UK Parliament · devolution · House of Lords · union and devolution history · ONS · regional economic activity
58,834,800 · Mid-2025 · Office for National Statistics
Sources: ONS · England population · UK Parliament · devolution · House of Lords · union and devolution history · ONS · regional economic activity
England is a constituent country of the United Kingdom, a parliamentary constitutional monarchy. It has no separate national devolved legislature. The UK Parliament and government exercise national powers for England, alongside local and regional government.
Sources: ONS · England population · UK Parliament · devolution · House of Lords · union and devolution history · ONS · regional economic activity
Three questions about England.
Sources: ONS · England population · UK Parliament · devolution · House of Lords · union and devolution history · ONS · regional economic activity
Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.
Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.
