England

England is a constituent country of the United Kingdom. London is its capital and the UK capital.

Find England

● Capital · Gold highlights this card’s area.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.

At a glance

Capital: London
Languages: English
Currency: Pound sterling (GBP)
Population: 58,834,800Mid-2025 · Office for National Statistics
Area: 130,279 km²50,300.98 square miles
Union: 1707Union with Scotland formed Great Britain.

England in context

Europe and its surrounding regions. The dot marks London; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.

Natural Earth · locator map

Geography & languages

Physical geography

Lowlands and river plains cover much of the south and east. The north and west include uplands such as the Pennines and the Lake District.

Languages

Languages used in public life include English.

Location

England occupies the southern and central part of Great Britain. It borders Scotland and Wales.

Flag

The cross of Saint George: a red upright cross on a white field.

Sources: ONS · England population · UK Parliament · devolution · House of Lords · union and devolution history · ONS · regional economic activity

History & status

The English kingdom took shape during the early Middle Ages. The Norman Conquest of 1066 changed its ruling elite. The 1707 union joined England, which then included Wales, with Scotland to form Great Britain. England is now a constituent country of the UK.

1066
The Norman Conquest changes the kingdom's rulers
1215
Magna Carta is sealed
1707
England and Scotland unite as Great Britain

Sources: ONS · England population · UK Parliament · devolution · House of Lords · union and devolution history · ONS · regional economic activity

Economy

Main activities

Services account for much economic activity, including finance, professional services, education, health and retail. Manufacturing includes vehicles, aerospace and pharmaceuticals. Farming and regional industrial centers remain important beyond London.

Industry and production

Manufacturing includes aerospace, vehicles, medicines and food. Industrial activity is spread across regions, while London is an international financial and business-services center.

Sources: ONS · England population · UK Parliament · devolution · House of Lords · union and devolution history · ONS · regional economic activity

Population

58,834,800 · Mid-2025 · Office for National Statistics

Sources: ONS · England population · UK Parliament · devolution · House of Lords · union and devolution history · ONS · regional economic activity

Government

England is a constituent country of the United Kingdom, a parliamentary constitutional monarchy. It has no separate national devolved legislature. The UK Parliament and government exercise national powers for England, alongside local and regional government.

Sources: ONS · England population · UK Parliament · devolution · House of Lords · union and devolution history · ONS · regional economic activity

Knowledge check

Three questions about England.

QUESTION 1 OF 3

Which currency is listed for England?

Sources & notes

Sources: ONS · England population · UK Parliament · devolution · House of Lords · union and devolution history · ONS · regional economic activity

Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.

Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.