Israel

Landscape

Israel contains a Mediterranean coastal plain, central uplands and a dry southern region. The Jordan Rift forms a deep north-to-south depression along its eastern side. Elevation and distance from the sea create marked differences within a small area.

The Negev occupies much of the south and includes rocky desert, dry channels and erosion features. In the north, the Sea of Galilee is a freshwater lake within the rift system. These landscapes differ greatly in water availability and vegetation.

Climate & seasons

The coast and northern areas have wetter winters and hot, dry summers. Conditions become increasingly arid toward the south and the eastern lowlands.

Water & climate

The north and Mediterranean side receive most of their rain in winter. Conditions become much more arid toward the south. Water management is important throughout the region, and shared waters cross politically sensitive boundaries.