01
Physical geography
Mostly fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, with mountains found only in the west (the Carpathians) or in the extreme south of the Crimean Peninsula.
Local timeKyiv ·
Europe / Eastern Europe · Card 053
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. Its capital is Kyiv.
Find Ukraine
● Capital · Gold highlights this card’s area.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers. Ukraine is highlighted including Crimea, consistent with internationally recognized borders. This is not a map of military control.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers. Ukraine is highlighted including Crimea, consistent with internationally recognized borders. This is not a map of military control.
At a glance
- Capital
- Kyiv
- Languages
- Ukrainian
- Currency
- Ukrainian hryvnia (UAH)
- Population
- 39.0 million2025 · World Bank
- Area
- 603,500 km²233,012.56 square miles
- Independence
- 1991from the Soviet Union
Ukraine in context
Europe and its surrounding regions. The dot marks Kyiv; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.
Natural Earth · locator mapGeography & languages
02
Languages
Languages used in public life include Ukrainian.
03
Location
Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland, Belarus, Romania, and Moldova in the west and Russia in the east.
Flag
Two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and yellow
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · UN General Assembly · Ukraine’s territorial integrity
History & independence
Ukraine declared independence in August 1991, confirmed by a referendum that December. Its earlier history includes Kyivan Rus, periods under neighboring empires and Soviet rule. Russia occupied and attempted to annex Crimea in 2014, then launched a full-scale invasion in 2022. The UN has reaffirmed Ukraine's territorial integrity.
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Ukraine declares independence
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Russia occupies and attempts to annex Crimea
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Russia launches its full-scale invasion
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · UN General Assembly · Ukraine’s territorial integrity
Economy
Main activities
Agriculture, food exports, metals, manufacturing and technology services are important. Russia's invasion has damaged infrastructure, disrupted production and displaced people. Wartime GDP and population estimates carry unusual uncertainty and should be read with their observation dates.
Industry and production
industrial machinery, ferrous and nonferrous metals, automotive and aircraft components, electronics, chemicals, textiles, mining, construction
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · UN General Assembly · Ukraine’s territorial integrity
Population & economic trends
Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.
War, displacement and occupied territory make population and output estimates unusually uncertain. The charts reproduce the provider’s dated series and do not show a real-time count.
Population, 1970–2025
Millions of people39.02025 · millions of people
Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.
Sources: World Bank · Population
View data table
| Year | People | Millions of people |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 47,261,306 | 47.261 |
| 1980 | 49,955,152 | 49.955 |
| 1990 | 52,054,092 | 52.054 |
| 2000 | 49,556,660 | 49.557 |
| 2010 | 46,456,003 | 46.456 |
| 2020 | 44,680,014 | 44.680 |
| 2025 | 38,980,376 | 38.980 |
Real GDP, 1990–2025
Billions of constant 2015 US dollars80.22025 · billions of constant 2015 US dollars
Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.
Sources: World Bank · Real GDP
View data table
| Year | Constant 2015 US$ | Billions of constant 2015 US dollars |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 161,487,959,613 | 161.488 |
| 1991 | 147,438,507,127 | 147.439 |
| 1992 | 132,842,094,919 | 132.842 |
| 1993 | 113,978,517,441 | 113.979 |
| 1994 | 87,877,436,948 | 87.877 |
| 1995 | 77,156,389,640 | 77.156 |
| 1996 | 69,440,750,676 | 69.441 |
| 1997 | 67,357,528,157 | 67.358 |
| 1998 | 66,077,735,120 | 66.078 |
| 1999 | 65,945,579,650 | 65.946 |
| 2000 | 69,836,368,849 | 69.836 |
| 2001 | 75,981,969,311 | 75.982 |
| 2002 | 80,039,138,413 | 80.039 |
| 2003 | 87,656,150,954 | 87.656 |
| 2004 | 97,995,502,972 | 97.996 |
| 2005 | 101,005,170,643 | 101.005 |
| 2006 | 108,652,697,105 | 108.653 |
| 2007 | 117,579,433,691 | 117.579 |
| 2008 | 120,217,318,405 | 120.217 |
| 2009 | 102,020,662,582 | 102.021 |
| 2010 | 106,195,352,550 | 106.195 |
| 2011 | 111,977,987,704 | 111.978 |
| 2012 | 112,148,546,939 | 112.149 |
| 2013 | 112,199,506,223 | 112.200 |
| 2014 | 100,891,035,819 | 100.891 |
| 2015 | 91,030,967,789 | 91.031 |
| 2016 | 93,253,017,277 | 93.253 |
| 2017 | 95,453,762,636 | 95.454 |
| 2018 | 98,783,535,744 | 98.784 |
| 2019 | 101,944,118,787 | 101.944 |
| 2020 | 98,118,341,608 | 98.118 |
| 2021 | 101,499,127,458 | 101.499 |
| 2022 | 72,309,415,410 | 72.309 |
| 2023 | 76,311,548,884 | 76.312 |
| 2024 | 78,790,238,104 | 78.790 |
| 2025 | 80,225,421,017 | 80.225 |
Human development
The Human Development Index combines health, education and income. Scores range from 0 to 1.
HDI · 20230.779High human developmentRank 87 of 193 · 2025 report
Human Development Index over time
19900.750
20000.716
20100.782
20200.783
20230.779
73.4 yearsLife expectancy at birth
11.1 yearsMean schooling, adults aged 25+
The latest values refer to 2023. All historical scores use the same report edition. HDI does not describe every aspect of inequality or quality of life.
Sources: UNDP · Human Development Report 2025
Government
Semi-presidential republic. Parliament (Verkhovna Rada) has one chamber (a unicameral legislature).
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · UN General Assembly · Ukraine’s territorial integrity
Knowledge check
Three questions about Ukraine.
QUESTION 1 OF 3
Which currency is listed for Ukraine?
Sources & notes
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · UN General Assembly · Ukraine’s territorial integrity
Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.
Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.