01
Location
Neighboring states: Iowa, Michigan, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin.
Local timeSaint Paul ·
U.S. States / Midwest · Card 023
Minnesota
Minnesota is a U.S. state in the Midwest. Its capital is Saint Paul.
Find Minnesota
● State capital · Gold highlights Minnesota.
Map: Natural Earth. Neighboring states use postal abbreviations.
Map: Natural Earth. Neighboring states use postal abbreviations.
At a glance
- Capital
- Saint Paul
- Postal abbreviation
- MN
- Population
- 5,830,405July 1, 2025 · Census estimate
- Total area
- 225,163 km²86,936 square miles · land and water
- Statehood
- May 11, 1858State number 32
- Currency
- U.S. dollar (USD)
Sources: Census · population · Census · area
Minnesota in context
Gold shows Minnesota. The dot marks Saint Paul.
Alaska and Hawaii are shown in separate insets at different scales.Geography & flag
02
Landscape & places
Voyageurs is a landscape of interconnected lakes, forests and waterways along the Canadian border.
03
Land and water
The total area includes 206,232 km² of land and 18,930 km² of water, according to Census area measurements.
State flag
A dark-blue hoist shape with a white eight-pointed star beside a light-blue field.
Sources: Census · geographic reference · Census · area measurements · National Park Service · Voyageurs
History & statehood
Minnesota Territory was established in 1849 from land formerly within Iowa and Wisconsin territories. It initially extended beyond the present state into the Dakotas. Minnesota entered the Union in 1858.
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Minnesota Territory established
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Statehood · State number 32
Sources: Congressional Research Service · statehood · U.S. Census Bureau · historical geography · National Park Service
Economy
Main activities
In 2025, professional and business services was the largest of the broad industry groups compared here by current-dollar output. Other major groups included real estate and rental and leasing, manufacturing, and educational services, health care, and social assistance.
Total economic output was $531.5 billion in current dollars in 2025.
Largest industry groups · 2025
- Professional and business services: 12.8%
- Real estate and rental and leasing: 12.7%
- Manufacturing: 11.5%
- Educational services, health care, and social assistance: 10.7%
Share of total current-dollar GDP. These figures measure output, not employment.
Sources: BEA · annual GDP by state, SAGDP2
Population & economic trends
Population, 2020–2025
Millions of people5.832025 · millions of people
July 1 resident population estimates, using the Census Bureau’s Vintage 2025 series.
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau
View data table
| Year | People |
|---|---|
| 2020 | 5,710,562 |
| 2021 | 5,714,055 |
| 2022 | 5,727,565 |
| 2023 | 5,752,998 |
| 2024 | 5,797,405 |
| 2025 | 5,830,405 |
Real GDP, 2010–2025
Billions of chained 2017 dollars405.842025 · billions of chained 2017 dollars
Real GDP measures economic output adjusted for inflation. The chart uses BEA’s chained 2017 dollars.
Sources: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
View data table
| Year | Millions of chained 2017 dollars |
|---|---|
| 2010 | 308,091.9 |
| 2011 | 315,213.3 |
| 2012 | 321,053.9 |
| 2013 | 329,774.5 |
| 2014 | 338,623.9 |
| 2015 | 345,456.2 |
| 2016 | 350,603.6 |
| 2017 | 354,721.9 |
| 2018 | 364,799.7 |
| 2019 | 369,617.4 |
| 2020 | 357,831.5 |
| 2021 | 377,975.8 |
| 2022 | 385,921.8 |
| 2023 | 389,864.5 |
| 2024 | 399,253.3 |
| 2025 | 405,836.1 |
Government
Minnesota has three branches of state government. The governor leads the executive branch. A Senate and House of Representatives form the legislature, which passes state laws and budgets. State courts interpret and apply the law.
Sources: USAGov · Minnesota
Knowledge check
Three questions about Minnesota.
QUESTION 1 OF 3
What is the capital of Minnesota?
Sources & notes
Prepared 27 September 2026. Population: Census Bureau Vintage 2025, July 1 estimates for 2020–2025. Real GDP: BEA annual state accounts, SAGDP9, millions of chained 2017 dollars; industry shares: SAGDP2, current dollars. Data downloaded 27 September 2026. Area measurements include land and water.
Sources: Census · population estimates · BEA · state GDP · Census · area measurements · Natural Earth · map data
The capital clock shows current local time. Statistical figures are dated estimates and may be revised.