01
Location
Neighboring states: Arizona, Colorado, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah.
Local timeSanta Fe ·
U.S. States / West · Card 031
New Mexico
New Mexico is a U.S. state in the West. Its capital is Santa Fe.
Find New Mexico
● State capital · Gold highlights New Mexico.
Map: Natural Earth. Neighboring states use postal abbreviations.
Map: Natural Earth. Neighboring states use postal abbreviations.
At a glance
- Capital
- Santa Fe
- Postal abbreviation
- NM
- Population
- 2,125,498July 1, 2025 · Census estimate
- Total area
- 314,917 km²121,590 square miles · land and water
- Statehood
- January 6, 1912State number 47
- Currency
- U.S. dollar (USD)
Sources: Census · population · Census · area
New Mexico in context
Gold shows New Mexico. The dot marks Santa Fe.
Alaska and Hawaii are shown in separate insets at different scales.Geography & flag
02
Landscape & places
White Sands protects a large field of white gypsum dunes in the Tularosa Basin.
03
Land and water
The total area includes 314,161 km² of land and 757 km² of water, according to Census area measurements.
State flag
A red Zia sun symbol centered on a yellow field.
Sources: Census · geographic reference · Census · area measurements · National Park Service · White Sands
History & statehood
Most of present-day New Mexico passed from Mexico to the United States in 1848, followed by additional land in the Gadsden Purchase. New Mexico Territory was organized in 1850. Arizona Territory was separated in 1863, and New Mexico became a state in 1912.
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New Mexico Territory organized
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Arizona Territory separated
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Statehood · State number 47
Sources: Congressional Research Service · statehood · U.S. Census Bureau · historical geography · National Park Service
Economy
Main activities
In 2025, government and government enterprises was the largest of the broad industry groups compared here by current-dollar output. Other major groups included real estate and rental and leasing, mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction, and professional and business services.
Total economic output was $152.8 billion in current dollars in 2025.
Largest industry groups · 2025
- Government and government enterprises: 21.3%
- Real estate and rental and leasing: 12.2%
- Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction: 12.1%
- Professional and business services: 11.8%
Share of total current-dollar GDP. These figures measure output, not employment.
Sources: BEA · annual GDP by state, SAGDP2
Population & economic trends
Population, 2020–2025
Millions of people2.132025 · millions of people
July 1 resident population estimates, using the Census Bureau’s Vintage 2025 series.
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau
View data table
| Year | People |
|---|---|
| 2020 | 2,118,446 |
| 2021 | 2,117,300 |
| 2022 | 2,112,859 |
| 2023 | 2,119,349 |
| 2024 | 2,126,774 |
| 2025 | 2,125,498 |
Real GDP, 2010–2025
Billions of chained 2017 dollars120.852025 · billions of chained 2017 dollars
Real GDP measures economic output adjusted for inflation. The chart uses BEA’s chained 2017 dollars.
Sources: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
View data table
| Year | Millions of chained 2017 dollars |
|---|---|
| 2010 | 90,721.0 |
| 2011 | 90,552.3 |
| 2012 | 90,762.4 |
| 2013 | 90,104.0 |
| 2014 | 92,621.1 |
| 2015 | 93,503.9 |
| 2016 | 93,043.5 |
| 2017 | 93,210.1 |
| 2018 | 96,077.0 |
| 2019 | 100,342.2 |
| 2020 | 98,004.0 |
| 2021 | 101,499.2 |
| 2022 | 104,212.8 |
| 2023 | 114,059.2 |
| 2024 | 119,044.5 |
| 2025 | 120,851.9 |
Government
New Mexico has three branches of state government. The governor leads the executive branch. A Senate and House of Representatives form the legislature, which passes state laws and budgets. State courts interpret and apply the law.
Sources: USAGov · New Mexico
Knowledge check
Three questions about New Mexico.
QUESTION 1 OF 3
What is the capital of New Mexico?
Sources & notes
Prepared 27 September 2026. Population: Census Bureau Vintage 2025, July 1 estimates for 2020–2025. Real GDP: BEA annual state accounts, SAGDP9, millions of chained 2017 dollars; industry shares: SAGDP2, current dollars. Data downloaded 27 September 2026. Area measurements include land and water.
Sources: Census · population estimates · BEA · state GDP · Census · area measurements · Natural Earth · map data
The capital clock shows current local time. Statistical figures are dated estimates and may be revised.