01
Location
Neighboring states: Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Pennsylvania, West Virginia.
Local timeColumbus ·
U.S. States / Midwest · Card 035
Ohio
Ohio is a U.S. state in the Midwest. Its capital is Columbus.
Find Ohio
● State capital · Gold highlights Ohio.
Map: Natural Earth. Neighboring states use postal abbreviations.
Map: Natural Earth. Neighboring states use postal abbreviations.
At a glance
- Capital
- Columbus
- Postal abbreviation
- OH
- Population
- 11,900,510July 1, 2025 · Census estimate
- Total area
- 116,098 km²44,826 square miles · land and water
- Statehood
- March 1, 1803State number 17
- Currency
- U.S. dollar (USD)
Sources: Census · population · Census · area
Ohio in context
Gold shows Ohio. The dot marks Columbus.
Alaska and Hawaii are shown in separate insets at different scales.Geography & flag
02
Landscape & places
Cuyahoga Valley protects a river landscape of forests, farms and waterfalls between Cleveland and Akron.
03
Land and water
The total area includes 105,829 km² of land and 10,269 km² of water, according to Census area measurements.
State flag
A swallowtail design with red-and-white stripes, a blue triangle, stars and a red-and-white circular emblem.
Sources: Census · geographic reference · Census · area measurements · National Park Service · Cuyahoga Valley
History & statehood
Ohio developed from the Northwest Territory. Its state government began in 1803. Congress later confirmed March 1, 1803 as the effective statehood date in a 1953 law, explaining why different dates appear in older accounts.
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Northwest Territory established
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Statehood · State number 17
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Congress confirmed the effective 1803 statehood date
Sources: Congressional Research Service · statehood · U.S. Census Bureau · historical geography · National Park Service
Economy
Main activities
In 2025, manufacturing was the largest of the broad industry groups compared here by current-dollar output. Other major groups included real estate and rental and leasing, professional and business services, and finance and insurance.
Total economic output was $966.8 billion in current dollars in 2025.
Largest industry groups · 2025
- Manufacturing: 13.7%
- Real estate and rental and leasing: 12.1%
- Professional and business services: 11.6%
- Finance and insurance: 11.4%
Share of total current-dollar GDP. These figures measure output, not employment.
Sources: BEA · annual GDP by state, SAGDP2
Population & economic trends
Population, 2020–2025
Millions of people11.902025 · millions of people
July 1 resident population estimates, using the Census Bureau’s Vintage 2025 series.
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau
View data table
| Year | People |
|---|---|
| 2020 | 11,798,534 |
| 2021 | 11,761,443 |
| 2022 | 11,764,950 |
| 2023 | 11,808,390 |
| 2024 | 11,860,621 |
| 2025 | 11,900,510 |
Real GDP, 2010–2025
Billions of chained 2017 dollars734.372025 · billions of chained 2017 dollars
Real GDP measures economic output adjusted for inflation. The chart uses BEA’s chained 2017 dollars.
Sources: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
View data table
| Year | Millions of chained 2017 dollars |
|---|---|
| 2010 | 563,816.3 |
| 2011 | 580,251.4 |
| 2012 | 586,540.9 |
| 2013 | 603,057.4 |
| 2014 | 624,973.4 |
| 2015 | 633,274.8 |
| 2016 | 638,157.5 |
| 2017 | 652,187.5 |
| 2018 | 656,212.0 |
| 2019 | 674,063.9 |
| 2020 | 655,730.1 |
| 2021 | 691,630.0 |
| 2022 | 694,473.4 |
| 2023 | 707,996.2 |
| 2024 | 721,997.3 |
| 2025 | 734,365.1 |
Government
Ohio has three branches of state government. The governor leads the executive branch. A Senate and House of Representatives form the legislature, which passes state laws and budgets. State courts interpret and apply the law.
Sources: USAGov · Ohio
Knowledge check
Three questions about Ohio.
QUESTION 1 OF 3
What is the capital of Ohio?
Sources & notes
Prepared 27 September 2026. Population: Census Bureau Vintage 2025, July 1 estimates for 2020–2025. Real GDP: BEA annual state accounts, SAGDP9, millions of chained 2017 dollars; industry shares: SAGDP2, current dollars. Data downloaded 27 September 2026. Area measurements include land and water.
Sources: Census · population estimates · BEA · state GDP · Census · area measurements · Natural Earth · map data
The capital clock shows current local time. Statistical figures are dated estimates and may be revised.