01
Physical geography
Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley.
Local timeYerevan ·
Asia / Western Asia · Card 002
Armenia
Armenia is a country in Western Asia. Its capital is Yerevan.
Find Armenia
● Capital · Gold highlights this card’s area.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
At a glance
- Capital
- Yerevan
- Languages
- Armenian
- Currency
- Armenian dram (AMD)
- Population
- 3.1 million2025 · World Bank
- Area
- 29,743 km²11,484 square miles
- Independence
- 1991from the Soviet Union
Armenia in context
Asia and its surrounding regions. The dot marks Yerevan; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.
Natural Earth · locator mapGeography & languages
02
Languages
Languages used in public life include Armenian.
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Location
Southwestern Asia, between Turkey (to the west) and Azerbaijan; note - Armenia views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both.
Flag
Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and orange
History & independence
Armenia declared a republic in 1918 before being incorporated into the Soviet Union. It restored independence after a referendum in 1991. Its modern history includes conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh and the displacement of the region’s Armenian population in 2023.
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First Armenian republic declared
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Independence restored
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Displacement from Nagorno-Karabakh
Economy
Main activities
Services, information technology, mining, food processing and agriculture contribute to the economy. Trade routes, remittances and access to external markets are important.
Industry and production
brandy, mining, diamond processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging and pressing machines, electric motors, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry, software, food processing
Population & economic trends
Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.
Population, 1970–2025
Millions of people3.12025 · millions of people
Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.
Sources: World Bank · Population
View data table
| Year | People | Millions of people |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 2,475,633 | 2.476 |
| 1980 | 3,107,415 | 3.107 |
| 1990 | 3,552,128 | 3.552 |
| 2000 | 3,221,100 | 3.221 |
| 2010 | 3,044,800 | 3.045 |
| 2020 | 2,961,500 | 2.962 |
| 2025 | 3,086,700 | 3.087 |
Real GDP, 1990–2025
Billions of constant 2015 US dollars17.52025 · billions of constant 2015 US dollars
Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.
Sources: World Bank · Real GDP
View data table
| Year | Constant 2015 US$ | Billions of constant 2015 US dollars |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 5,839,777,094 | 5.840 |
| 1991 | 5,156,523,263 | 5.157 |
| 1992 | 3,001,096,397 | 3.001 |
| 1993 | 2,736,999,951 | 2.737 |
| 1994 | 2,884,798,024 | 2.885 |
| 1995 | 3,083,849,042 | 3.084 |
| 1996 | 3,264,729,147 | 3.265 |
| 1997 | 3,373,153,404 | 3.373 |
| 1998 | 3,619,393,602 | 3.619 |
| 1999 | 3,738,833,591 | 3.739 |
| 2000 | 3,959,424,773 | 3.959 |
| 2001 | 4,339,529,551 | 4.340 |
| 2002 | 4,912,347,451 | 4.912 |
| 2003 | 5,600,076,095 | 5.600 |
| 2004 | 6,188,084,085 | 6.188 |
| 2005 | 7,048,227,772 | 7.048 |
| 2006 | 7,978,593,838 | 7.979 |
| 2007 | 9,071,661,194 | 9.072 |
| 2008 | 9,697,605,817 | 9.698 |
| 2009 | 8,330,243,396 | 8.330 |
| 2010 | 8,513,508,751 | 8.514 |
| 2011 | 8,913,643,662 | 8.914 |
| 2012 | 9,555,426,006 | 9.555 |
| 2013 | 9,870,755,064 | 9.871 |
| 2014 | 10,226,102,247 | 10.226 |
| 2015 | 10,553,337,518 | 10.553 |
| 2016 | 10,574,444,193 | 10.574 |
| 2017 | 11,367,527,508 | 11.368 |
| 2018 | 11,958,638,938 | 11.959 |
| 2019 | 12,867,495,498 | 12.867 |
| 2020 | 11,941,035,822 | 11.941 |
| 2021 | 12,633,615,900 | 12.634 |
| 2022 | 14,225,451,503 | 14.225 |
| 2023 | 15,406,163,978 | 15.406 |
| 2024 | 16,315,127,652 | 16.315 |
| 2025 | 17,489,816,843 | 17.490 |
Human development
The Human Development Index combines health, education and income. Scores range from 0 to 1.
HDI · 20230.811Very High human developmentRank 69 of 193 · 2025 report
Human Development Index over time
19900.663
20000.667
20100.747
20200.761
20230.811
75.7 yearsLife expectancy at birth
11.3 yearsMean schooling, adults aged 25+
The latest values refer to 2023. All historical scores use the same report edition. HDI does not describe every aspect of inequality or quality of life.
Sources: UNDP · Human Development Report 2025
Government
Parliamentary republic. The prime minister leads the government, which is accountable to the National Assembly. The president is head of state with more limited executive powers.
Knowledge check
Three questions about Armenia.
QUESTION 1 OF 3
Which city is identified as the capital of Armenia?
Sources & notes
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile
Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.
Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.