Azerbaijan is a country in Western Asia. Its capital is Baku.
Asia and its surrounding regions. The dot marks Baku; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.
Natural Earth · locator mapLarge, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland, much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) to the west; Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea.
Azerbaijani is the official language. Russian and several minority languages are also spoken.
Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia, with a small European portion north of the Caucasus range.
Three equal horizontal bands of sky blue (top), red, and green; a vertical crescent moon and an eight-pointed star in white are centered in the red band
Azerbaijan declared an independent republic in 1918, came under Soviet rule in 1920, and restored independence in 1991. Conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh followed the Soviet collapse. Azerbaijan regained control of the region in 2023, when nearly all its ethnic Armenian inhabitants fled to Armenia.
Oil and natural gas are major exports. Transport, construction, agriculture and services also contribute; dependence on energy revenue makes diversification important.
petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore; cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles
Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.
Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.
Sources: World Bank · Population
| Year | People | Millions of people |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 5,172,050 | 5.172 |
| 1980 | 6,160,500 | 6.160 |
| 1990 | 7,175,200 | 7.175 |
| 2000 | 8,048,600 | 8.049 |
| 2010 | 9,054,332 | 9.054 |
| 2020 | 10,093,121 | 10.093 |
| 2025 | 10,246,996 | 10.247 |
Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.
Sources: World Bank · Real GDP
| Year | Constant 2015 US$ | Billions of constant 2015 US dollars |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 20,567,069,389 | 20.567 |
| 1991 | 20,423,099,867 | 20.423 |
| 1992 | 15,807,479,230 | 15.807 |
| 1993 | 12,155,951,731 | 12.156 |
| 1994 | 9,761,229,089 | 9.761 |
| 1995 | 8,609,404,144 | 8.609 |
| 1996 | 8,721,326,346 | 8.721 |
| 1997 | 9,227,163,287 | 9.227 |
| 1998 | 10,149,879,580 | 10.150 |
| 1999 | 10,900,970,801 | 10.901 |
| 2000 | 12,110,978,466 | 12.111 |
| 2001 | 13,309,965,318 | 13.310 |
| 2002 | 14,566,281,800 | 14.566 |
| 2003 | 16,053,251,458 | 16.053 |
| 2004 | 17,538,787,530 | 17.539 |
| 2005 | 22,442,902,288 | 22.443 |
| 2006 | 30,178,120,037 | 30.178 |
| 2007 | 37,862,439,845 | 37.862 |
| 2008 | 41,872,616,483 | 41.873 |
| 2009 | 45,795,872,374 | 45.796 |
| 2010 | 47,988,959,989 | 47.989 |
| 2011 | 47,234,094,919 | 47.234 |
| 2012 | 48,274,633,178 | 48.275 |
| 2013 | 51,095,520,771 | 51.096 |
| 2014 | 52,524,961,506 | 52.525 |
| 2015 | 53,076,235,355 | 53.076 |
| 2016 | 51,450,192,646 | 51.450 |
| 2017 | 51,529,227,685 | 51.529 |
| 2018 | 52,302,373,079 | 52.302 |
| 2019 | 53,599,371,925 | 53.599 |
| 2020 | 51,348,755,387 | 51.349 |
| 2021 | 54,232,727,564 | 54.233 |
| 2022 | 56,789,627,304 | 56.790 |
| 2023 | 57,558,830,023 | 57.559 |
| 2024 | 59,952,165,318 | 59.952 |
| 2025 | 60,821,385,330 | 60.821 |
The Human Development Index combines health, education and income. Scores range from 0 to 1.
The latest values refer to 2023. All historical scores use the same report edition. HDI does not describe every aspect of inequality or quality of life.
Sources: UNDP · Human Development Report 2025
Presidential republic. National Assembly (Milli Majlis) has one chamber (a unicameral legislature).
Three questions about Azerbaijan.
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile
Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.
Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.
