Scotland

Landscape

Scotland includes northern and western Highlands, central lowlands and southern uplands, together with many islands. Glaciers shaped deep valleys, lochs and rugged mountain terrain. Lowland areas provide broader spaces for farming and large settlements.

The Isle of Skye has dramatic ridges, cliffs and coastal inlets. Elsewhere, peatlands, wooded valleys and open moorland create different environments. The Atlantic coast is especially indented, while eastern areas are often drier and more sheltered.

Climate & seasons

Atlantic winds bring frequent changes in weather. Western areas are generally wetter, while elevation makes the Highlands colder than the lowlands.

Water & habitats

Frequent rain supports rivers, lochs and peatlands, particularly in the west. Highland habitats differ from cultivated lowlands. Long summer daylight and short winter days become increasingly noticeable toward the north.