01
Physical geography
Extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills.
Local timeBelgrade ·
Europe / Southeast Europe · Card 046
Serbia
Serbia is a country in Southeast Europe. Its capital is Belgrade.
Find Serbia
● Capital · Gold highlights this card’s area.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers. Kosovo is mapped separately in this set. Its status is disputed; the map is for geographic reference.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers. Kosovo is mapped separately in this set. Its status is disputed; the map is for geographic reference.
At a glance
- Capital
- Belgrade
- Languages
- Serbian
- Currency
- Serbian dinar (RSD)
- Population
- 6.5 million2025 · World Bank
- Area
- 77,474 km²Excludes Kosovo, which has a separate card.
- Separate state
- 2006Following the end of the union with Montenegro.
Serbia in context
Europe and its surrounding regions. The dot marks Belgrade; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.
Natural Earth · locator mapGeography & languages
02
Languages
Languages used in public life include Serbian.
03
Location
Southeastern Europe, between Macedonia and Hungary.
Flag
Three equal horizontal stripes of red (top), blue, and white; the national coat of arms is shifted to the left side; the principal field of the coat of arms displays a two-headed white eagle on a red shield; a smaller red shield on the eagle is divided into four quarters by a white cross; a royal crown is on top of the coat of arms
History & status
Serbia gained autonomy during the nineteenth century and internationally recognized independence in 1878. It became part of Yugoslavia after the First World War. Serbia became a separate successor state in 2006 when Montenegro left their state union. Kosovo's status remains disputed.
-
Serbian independence is internationally recognized
-
Serbia joins the new Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
-
The state union with Montenegro ends
Economy
Main activities
Manufacturing, agriculture, trade and services contribute to the economy. Vehicle components, metals, food products and information-technology services are notable outputs. Trade with European partners is important.
Industry and production
automobiles, base metals, furniture, food processing, machinery, chemicals, sugar, tires, clothes, pharmaceuticals
Population & economic trends
Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.
Population, 1970–2025
Millions of people6.52025 · millions of people
Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.
Sources: World Bank · Population
View data table
| Year | People | Millions of people |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 7,164,993 | 7.165 |
| 1980 | 7,709,544 | 7.710 |
| 1990 | 7,897,937 | 7.898 |
| 2000 | 7,516,346 | 7.516 |
| 2010 | 7,291,436 | 7.291 |
| 2020 | 6,899,126 | 6.899 |
| 2025 | 6,549,143 | 6.549 |
Real GDP, 1995–2025
Billions of constant 2015 US dollars57.72025 · billions of constant 2015 US dollars
Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.
Sources: World Bank · Real GDP
View data table
| Year | Constant 2015 US$ | Billions of constant 2015 US dollars |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 22,980,131,320 | 22.980 |
| 1996 | 24,396,847,807 | 24.397 |
| 1997 | 26,576,270,302 | 26.576 |
| 1998 | 27,996,144,671 | 27.996 |
| 1999 | 25,105,401,188 | 25.105 |
| 2000 | 26,625,555,757 | 26.626 |
| 2001 | 28,430,375,122 | 28.430 |
| 2002 | 30,290,019,038 | 30.290 |
| 2003 | 31,671,150,001 | 31.671 |
| 2004 | 33,788,958,112 | 33.789 |
| 2005 | 35,783,687,980 | 35.784 |
| 2006 | 37,179,490,291 | 37.179 |
| 2007 | 40,091,414,081 | 40.091 |
| 2008 | 42,160,489,174 | 42.160 |
| 2009 | 40,835,549,107 | 40.836 |
| 2010 | 41,493,398,702 | 41.493 |
| 2011 | 41,515,918,200 | 41.516 |
| 2012 | 41,331,605,760 | 41.332 |
| 2013 | 41,518,250,532 | 41.518 |
| 2014 | 40,769,149,020 | 40.769 |
| 2015 | 41,297,410,635 | 41.297 |
| 2016 | 42,526,090,400 | 42.526 |
| 2017 | 43,531,153,349 | 43.531 |
| 2018 | 45,555,069,182 | 45.555 |
| 2019 | 47,719,029,695 | 47.719 |
| 2020 | 47,265,687,464 | 47.266 |
| 2021 | 51,022,863,668 | 51.023 |
| 2022 | 52,402,255,080 | 52.402 |
| 2023 | 54,366,256,510 | 54.366 |
| 2024 | 56,513,683,534 | 56.514 |
| 2025 | 57,661,132,822 | 57.661 |
Human development
The Human Development Index combines health, education and income. Scores range from 0 to 1.
HDI · 20230.833Very High human developmentRank 62 of 193 · 2025 report
Human Development Index over time
20000.701
20100.775
20200.809
20230.833
76.8 yearsLife expectancy at birth
11.6 yearsMean schooling, adults aged 25+
The latest values refer to 2023. All historical scores use the same report edition. HDI does not describe every aspect of inequality or quality of life.
Sources: UNDP · Human Development Report 2025
Government
Parliamentary republic. National Assembly (Narodna skupstina) has one chamber (a unicameral legislature).
Knowledge check
Three questions about Serbia.
QUESTION 1 OF 3
Which currency is listed for Serbia?
Sources & notes
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile
Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.
Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.