Haiti is a country in Caribbean. Its capital is Port-au-Prince.
North America and its surrounding regions. The dot marks Port-au-Prince; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.
Natural Earth · locator mapHaiti occupies the western part of Hispaniola and is predominantly mountainous. Ranges and deeply cut valleys separate lowland plains and coastal areas. Its long coastline includes two major peninsulas with varied bays and headlands.
The highlands around Pic Macaya represent a wetter mountain environment. Other regions are drier and more open. Limited flat land makes valleys and plains especially important for farming and settlement.
Haiti is tropical, but mountain terrain creates sharp local differences. Some areas are relatively dry because mountains shelter them from moist winds.
Steep terrain and intense rain can produce rapid runoff and erosion, particularly where vegetation is sparse. Mountain forests and coastal habitats provide different ecosystems. Hurricanes and earthquakes add further hazards to an already rugged setting.
Two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red; a centered white rectangle bears the coat of arms, which has a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll with the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength)
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · United Nations · transitional government, July 2026
Freshwater pools and rock faces form a wooded landscape near Jacmel.
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A sandy beach meets the Caribbean along Haiti’s southern peninsula.
Photo: Coolsarahs at English Wikipedia · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Haitian Creole, or Kreyòl, and French are official languages. Kreyòl is the shared everyday language of the overwhelming majority of Haitians.
French is important in formal institutions and parts of education, but fluency is not universal. Kreyòl has its own grammar and standardized spelling.
The Haitian Revolution began with an uprising by enslaved people in 1791. After years of war against colonial forces, independence from France was declared in 1804. Haiti’s later history included foreign occupation, dictatorship and political instability. The 2010 earthquake and the assassination of the president in 2021 deepened major institutional challenges.
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · United Nations · transitional government, July 2026
Agriculture, small-scale commerce, apparel manufacturing and remittances support livelihoods. Insecurity and damage to transport, energy and public services severely constrain production and trade. Statistical estimates are especially uncertain during the ongoing crisis.
Apparel assembly, food processing, agriculture and small-scale commerce support livelihoods.
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · United Nations · transitional government, July 2026
Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.
Insecurity and displacement make current statistical estimates especially uncertain. The chart observations retain their published source dates.
Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.
Sources: World Bank · Population
| Year | People | Millions of people |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 4,635,124 | 4.635 |
| 1980 | 5,614,493 | 5.614 |
| 1990 | 6,854,441 | 6.854 |
| 2000 | 8,303,151 | 8.303 |
| 2010 | 9,803,294 | 9.803 |
| 2020 | 11,243,848 | 11.244 |
| 2025 | 11,906,095 | 11.906 |
Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.
Sources: World Bank · Real GDP
| Year | Constant 2015 US$ | Billions of constant 2015 US dollars |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 11,154,318,515 | 11.154 |
| 1991 | 11,364,080,464 | 11.364 |
| 1992 | 10,760,655,414 | 10.761 |
| 1993 | 10,176,750,400 | 10.177 |
| 1994 | 8,960,564,686 | 8.961 |
| 1995 | 9,847,455,168 | 9.847 |
| 1996 | 10,255,215,965 | 10.255 |
| 1997 | 10,532,590,220 | 10.533 |
| 1998 | 10,762,394,521 | 10.762 |
| 1999 | 11,054,082,104 | 11.054 |
| 2000 | 11,150,259,169 | 11.150 |
| 2001 | 11,112,041,892 | 11.112 |
| 2002 | 11,228,920,586 | 11.229 |
| 2003 | 11,619,774,578 | 11.620 |
| 2004 | 11,466,642,593 | 11.467 |
| 2005 | 11,818,917,734 | 11.819 |
| 2006 | 12,027,964,913 | 12.028 |
| 2007 | 12,594,064,682 | 12.594 |
| 2008 | 12,928,818,991 | 12.929 |
| 2009 | 13,690,375,423 | 13.690 |
| 2010 | 12,916,662,277 | 12.917 |
| 2011 | 13,575,181,302 | 13.575 |
| 2012 | 13,643,386,326 | 13.643 |
| 2013 | 14,233,433,331 | 14.233 |
| 2014 | 14,644,604,840 | 14.645 |
| 2015 | 14,849,629,309 | 14.850 |
| 2016 | 15,118,774,100 | 15.119 |
| 2017 | 15,498,296,354 | 15.498 |
| 2018 | 15,756,778,638 | 15.757 |
| 2019 | 15,485,274,058 | 15.485 |
| 2020 | 14,973,407,477 | 14.973 |
| 2021 | 14,704,149,691 | 14.704 |
| 2022 | 14,456,828,251 | 14.457 |
| 2023 | 14,187,369,713 | 14.187 |
| 2024 | 13,593,635,235 | 13.594 |
| 2025 | 13,224,852,043 | 13.225 |
The Human Development Index combines health, education and income. Scores range from 0 to 1.
The latest values refer to 2023. All historical scores use the same report edition. HDI does not describe every aspect of inequality or quality of life.
Sources: UNDP · Human Development Report 2025
Haiti’s constitution provides for a republic with a President, Prime Minister and two-chamber Parliament. Normal elected institutions are not fully functioning. A UN briefing on 20 July 2026 described transitional authority as resting with a Council of Ministers led by the Prime Minister pending elections.
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · United Nations · transitional government, July 2026
Three questions about Haiti.
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · United Nations · transitional government, July 2026
Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.
Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.
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