01
Physical geography
Mostly rough and mountainous.
Local timePort-au-Prince ·
North America / Caribbean · Card 021
Haiti
Haiti is a country in Caribbean. Its capital is Port-au-Prince.
Find Haiti
● Capital · Gold highlights this card’s area.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
At a glance
- Capital
- Port-au-Prince
- Languages
- French & Haitian Creole
- Currency
- Haitian gourde (HTG)
- Population
- 11.9 million2025 · World Bank
- Area
- 27,750 km²10,714.33 square miles
- Independence
- 1804from France
Haiti in context
North America and its surrounding regions. The dot marks Port-au-Prince; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.
Natural Earth · locator mapGeography & languages
02
Languages
Haitian Creole and French are official languages. Haitian Creole is spoken by the great majority of the population.
03
Location
Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic.
Flag
Two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red; a centered white rectangle bears the coat of arms, which has a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll with the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength)
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · United Nations · transitional government, July 2026
History & independence
The Haitian Revolution began with an uprising by enslaved people in 1791. After years of war against colonial forces, independence from France was declared in 1804. Haiti’s later history included foreign occupation, dictatorship and political instability. The 2010 earthquake and the assassination of the president in 2021 deepened major institutional challenges.
-
The revolution begins
-
Independence from France is declared
-
A major earthquake strikes the Port-au-Prince region
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · United Nations · transitional government, July 2026
Economy
Main activities
Agriculture, small-scale commerce, apparel manufacturing and remittances support livelihoods. Insecurity and damage to transport, energy and public services severely constrain production and trade. Statistical estimates are especially uncertain during the ongoing crisis.
Industry and production
Apparel assembly, food processing, agriculture and small-scale commerce support livelihoods.
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · United Nations · transitional government, July 2026
Population & economic trends
Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.
Insecurity and displacement make current statistical estimates especially uncertain. The chart observations retain their published source dates.
Population, 1970–2025
Millions of people11.92025 · millions of people
Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.
Sources: World Bank · Population
View data table
| Year | People | Millions of people |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 4,635,124 | 4.635 |
| 1980 | 5,614,493 | 5.614 |
| 1990 | 6,854,441 | 6.854 |
| 2000 | 8,303,151 | 8.303 |
| 2010 | 9,803,294 | 9.803 |
| 2020 | 11,243,848 | 11.244 |
| 2025 | 11,906,095 | 11.906 |
Real GDP, 1990–2025
Billions of constant 2015 US dollars13.22025 · billions of constant 2015 US dollars
Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.
Sources: World Bank · Real GDP
View data table
| Year | Constant 2015 US$ | Billions of constant 2015 US dollars |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 11,154,318,515 | 11.154 |
| 1991 | 11,364,080,464 | 11.364 |
| 1992 | 10,760,655,414 | 10.761 |
| 1993 | 10,176,750,400 | 10.177 |
| 1994 | 8,960,564,686 | 8.961 |
| 1995 | 9,847,455,168 | 9.847 |
| 1996 | 10,255,215,965 | 10.255 |
| 1997 | 10,532,590,220 | 10.533 |
| 1998 | 10,762,394,521 | 10.762 |
| 1999 | 11,054,082,104 | 11.054 |
| 2000 | 11,150,259,169 | 11.150 |
| 2001 | 11,112,041,892 | 11.112 |
| 2002 | 11,228,920,586 | 11.229 |
| 2003 | 11,619,774,578 | 11.620 |
| 2004 | 11,466,642,593 | 11.467 |
| 2005 | 11,818,917,734 | 11.819 |
| 2006 | 12,027,964,913 | 12.028 |
| 2007 | 12,594,064,682 | 12.594 |
| 2008 | 12,928,818,991 | 12.929 |
| 2009 | 13,690,375,423 | 13.690 |
| 2010 | 12,916,662,277 | 12.917 |
| 2011 | 13,575,181,302 | 13.575 |
| 2012 | 13,643,386,326 | 13.643 |
| 2013 | 14,233,433,331 | 14.233 |
| 2014 | 14,644,604,840 | 14.645 |
| 2015 | 14,849,629,309 | 14.850 |
| 2016 | 15,118,774,100 | 15.119 |
| 2017 | 15,498,296,354 | 15.498 |
| 2018 | 15,756,778,638 | 15.757 |
| 2019 | 15,485,274,058 | 15.485 |
| 2020 | 14,973,407,477 | 14.973 |
| 2021 | 14,704,149,691 | 14.704 |
| 2022 | 14,456,828,251 | 14.457 |
| 2023 | 14,187,369,713 | 14.187 |
| 2024 | 13,593,635,235 | 13.594 |
| 2025 | 13,224,852,043 | 13.225 |
Human development
The Human Development Index combines health, education and income. Scores range from 0 to 1.
HDI · 20230.554Medium human developmentRank 166 of 193 · 2025 report
Human Development Index over time
19900.461
20000.497
20100.452
20200.555
20230.554
64.9 yearsLife expectancy at birth
5.4 yearsMean schooling, adults aged 25+
The latest values refer to 2023. All historical scores use the same report edition. HDI does not describe every aspect of inequality or quality of life.
Sources: UNDP · Human Development Report 2025
Government
Haiti’s constitution provides for a republic with a President, Prime Minister and two-chamber Parliament. Normal elected institutions are not fully functioning. A UN briefing on 20 July 2026 described transitional authority as resting with a Council of Ministers led by the Prime Minister pending elections.
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · United Nations · transitional government, July 2026
Knowledge check
Three questions about Haiti.
QUESTION 1 OF 3
Which currency is listed for Haiti?
Sources & notes
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · United Nations · transitional government, July 2026
Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.
Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.