Ireland

Landscape

Ireland’s central region is relatively low, with hills and mountains around parts of the coast. Lakes, rivers, bogs and farmland occupy much of the interior. The western shore is especially indented, with bays, islands and exposed headlands.

The Cliffs of Moher represent a steep Atlantic coastline, while Connemara combines uplands, lakes and boggy ground. These western environments contrast with gentler eastern lowlands. The island’s physical geography extends across the border with Northern Ireland.

Climate & seasons

Atlantic influence brings mild winters, cool summers and frequent moist weather. The ocean limits temperature extremes compared with continental Europe.

Atlantic conditions

A maritime climate brings frequent rain and comparatively moderate temperatures. Wet soils support peatlands in some regions. Farming and drainage have changed much of the landscape, while remaining wetlands and upland habitats retain distinctive ecological value.