01
Physical geography
Mostly arid desert plateau; a great north-south geological rift along the west of the country is the dominant topographical feature and includes the Jordan River Valley, the Dead Sea, and the Jordanian Highlands.
Local timeAmman ·
Asia / Western Asia · Card 019
Jordan
Jordan is a country in Western Asia. Its capital is Amman.
Find Jordan
● Capital · Gold highlights this card’s area.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
At a glance
- Capital
- Amman
- Languages
- Arabic
- Currency
- Jordanian dinar (JOD)
- Population
- 11.5 million2025 · World Bank
- Area
- 89,342 km²34,495 square miles
- Independence
- 1946
Jordan in context
Asia and its surrounding regions. The dot marks Amman; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.
Natural Earth · locator mapGeography & languages
02
Languages
Languages used in public life include Arabic.
03
Location
Middle East, northwest of Saudi Arabia, between Israel (to the west) and Iraq.
Flag
Three equal horizontal bands of black (top), white, and green; a red isosceles triangle is on the left side, with a small white seven-pointed star in the center
History & independence
Transjordan emerged under British administration after the First World War. It became independent in 1946 under the Hashemite monarchy and was renamed Jordan in 1949. The country signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1994.
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Emirate of Transjordan established
-
Independence
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Peace treaty with Israel
Economy
Main activities
Services, tourism, phosphates, potash, manufacturing and public administration are important. Limited water and energy resources, imports and regional conditions shape economic development.
Industry and production
tourism, information technology, clothing, fertilizer, potash, phosphate mining, pharmaceuticals, petroleum refining, cement, inorganic chemicals, light manufacturing
Population & economic trends
Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.
Population, 1970–2025
Millions of people11.52025 · millions of people
Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.
Sources: World Bank · Population
View data table
| Year | People | Millions of people |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1,565,163 | 1.565 |
| 1980 | 2,234,186 | 2.234 |
| 1990 | 3,621,908 | 3.622 |
| 2000 | 5,386,945 | 5.387 |
| 2010 | 7,297,043 | 7.297 |
| 2020 | 10,865,228 | 10.865 |
| 2025 | 11,520,684 | 11.521 |
Real GDP, 1990–2025
Billions of constant 2015 US dollars52.82025 · billions of constant 2015 US dollars
Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.
Sources: World Bank · Real GDP
View data table
| Year | Constant 2015 US$ | Billions of constant 2015 US dollars |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 12,663,964,274 | 12.664 |
| 1991 | 12,867,668,074 | 12.868 |
| 1992 | 14,714,149,627 | 14.714 |
| 1993 | 15,374,372,017 | 15.374 |
| 1994 | 16,138,705,339 | 16.139 |
| 1995 | 17,139,446,194 | 17.139 |
| 1996 | 17,497,149,998 | 17.497 |
| 1997 | 18,076,038,899 | 18.076 |
| 1998 | 18,620,520,406 | 18.621 |
| 1999 | 19,251,668,679 | 19.252 |
| 2000 | 20,069,039,071 | 20.069 |
| 2001 | 21,126,668,916 | 21.127 |
| 2002 | 22,348,594,867 | 22.349 |
| 2003 | 23,278,669,089 | 23.279 |
| 2004 | 25,273,002,543 | 25.273 |
| 2005 | 27,331,891,656 | 27.332 |
| 2006 | 29,543,854,891 | 29.544 |
| 2007 | 31,959,410,678 | 31.959 |
| 2008 | 34,267,003,611 | 34.267 |
| 2009 | 36,020,333,882 | 36.020 |
| 2010 | 36,970,447,930 | 36.970 |
| 2011 | 38,045,287,231 | 38.045 |
| 2012 | 38,960,145,957 | 38.960 |
| 2013 | 40,021,074,390 | 40.021 |
| 2014 | 41,350,923,977 | 41.351 |
| 2015 | 42,394,049,296 | 42.394 |
| 2016 | 43,289,270,898 | 43.289 |
| 2017 | 44,374,837,668 | 44.375 |
| 2018 | 45,197,473,565 | 45.197 |
| 2019 | 46,036,487,856 | 46.036 |
| 2020 | 45,505,882,649 | 45.506 |
| 2021 | 47,213,269,176 | 47.213 |
| 2022 | 48,510,152,311 | 48.510 |
| 2023 | 50,028,035,472 | 50.028 |
| 2024 | 51,306,781,534 | 51.307 |
| 2025 | 52,757,023,330 | 52.757 |
Human development
The Human Development Index combines health, education and income. Scores range from 0 to 1.
HDI · 20230.754High human developmentRank 100 of 193 · 2025 report
Human Development Index over time
19900.619
20000.672
20100.732
20200.743
20230.754
77.8 yearsLife expectancy at birth
10.2 yearsMean schooling, adults aged 25+
The latest values refer to 2023. All historical scores use the same report edition. HDI does not describe every aspect of inequality or quality of life.
Sources: UNDP · Human Development Report 2025
Government
Parliamentary constitutional monarchy. National Assembly (Majlis Al-Umma) has two chambers (a bicameral legislature).
Knowledge check
Three questions about Jordan.
QUESTION 1 OF 3
Which pair of mineral products contributes to Jordan’s economy?
Sources & notes
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile
Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.
Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.