01
Physical geography
Lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil.
Local timeVilnius ·
Europe / Northern Europe · Card 030
Lithuania
Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe. Its capital is Vilnius.
Find Lithuania
● Capital · Gold highlights this card’s area.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
At a glance
- Capital
- Vilnius
- Languages
- Lithuanian
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)
- Population
- 2.9 million2025 · World Bank
- Area
- 65,300 km²25,212.46 square miles
- Independence
- 1918 / 1990Restoration declared in 1990; Soviet recognition in 1991.
Lithuania in context
Europe and its surrounding regions. The dot marks Vilnius; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.
Natural Earth · locator mapGeography & languages
02
Languages
Languages used in public life include Lithuanian.
03
Location
Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Russia, west of Belarus.
Flag
Three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), green, and red
History & independence
Lithuania has medieval roots as a grand duchy and later formed a commonwealth with Poland. It restored independence in 1918, was occupied in 1940, and declared the restoration of independence again in 1990. Soviet recognition followed in 1991.
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Lithuania restores independence
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Restoration of independence is declared again
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Lithuania joins the EU and NATO
Economy
Main activities
Manufacturing, transport, business services and technology contribute to the economy. Food products, furniture, chemicals and machinery are important outputs. Lithuania is an EU member and uses the euro.
Industry and production
metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, televisions, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture, textiles, food processing, fertilizer, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, lasers, electronic components, computers, amber jewelry, information technology, video game development, app/software development, biotechnology
Population & economic trends
Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.
Population, 1970–2025
Millions of people2.92025 · millions of people
Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.
Sources: World Bank · Population
View data table
| Year | People | Millions of people |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 3,139,689 | 3.140 |
| 1980 | 3,413,202 | 3.413 |
| 1990 | 3,697,838 | 3.698 |
| 2000 | 3,499,536 | 3.500 |
| 2010 | 3,097,282 | 3.097 |
| 2020 | 2,810,369 | 2.810 |
| 2025 | 2,888,774 | 2.889 |
Real GDP, 1990–2025
Billions of constant 2015 US dollars57.12025 · billions of constant 2015 US dollars
Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.
Sources: World Bank · Real GDP
View data table
| Year | Constant 2015 US$ | Billions of constant 2015 US dollars |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 30,815,380,534 | 30.815 |
| 1991 | 29,066,402,990 | 29.066 |
| 1992 | 22,887,185,266 | 22.887 |
| 1993 | 19,173,313,226 | 19.173 |
| 1994 | 17,300,837,252 | 17.301 |
| 1995 | 17,870,049,093 | 17.870 |
| 1996 | 18,768,366,412 | 18.768 |
| 1997 | 20,326,259,135 | 20.326 |
| 1998 | 21,843,195,079 | 21.843 |
| 1999 | 21,603,573,442 | 21.604 |
| 2000 | 22,342,117,971 | 22.342 |
| 2001 | 23,790,809,197 | 23.791 |
| 2002 | 25,389,513,379 | 25.390 |
| 2003 | 28,068,588,416 | 28.069 |
| 2004 | 29,893,617,960 | 29.894 |
| 2005 | 32,204,827,117 | 32.205 |
| 2006 | 34,586,529,059 | 34.587 |
| 2007 | 38,417,999,936 | 38.418 |
| 2008 | 39,416,661,071 | 39.417 |
| 2009 | 33,567,775,754 | 33.568 |
| 2010 | 33,711,177,147 | 33.711 |
| 2011 | 35,842,949,499 | 35.843 |
| 2012 | 37,413,912,227 | 37.414 |
| 2013 | 38,928,020,774 | 38.928 |
| 2014 | 40,396,597,407 | 40.397 |
| 2015 | 41,540,954,817 | 41.541 |
| 2016 | 42,650,896,791 | 42.651 |
| 2017 | 44,618,059,836 | 44.618 |
| 2018 | 46,812,540,125 | 46.813 |
| 2019 | 49,002,127,329 | 49.002 |
| 2020 | 49,023,107,999 | 49.023 |
| 2021 | 52,158,046,400 | 52.158 |
| 2022 | 53,443,909,218 | 53.444 |
| 2023 | 53,839,146,914 | 53.839 |
| 2024 | 55,470,578,288 | 55.471 |
| 2025 | 57,090,361,645 | 57.090 |
Human development
The Human Development Index combines health, education and income. Scores range from 0 to 1.
HDI · 20230.895Very High human developmentRank 39 of 193 · 2025 report
Human Development Index over time
19900.745
20000.778
20100.854
20200.888
20230.895
76.0 yearsLife expectancy at birth
13.6 yearsMean schooling, adults aged 25+
The latest values refer to 2023. All historical scores use the same report edition. HDI does not describe every aspect of inequality or quality of life.
Sources: UNDP · Human Development Report 2025
Government
Semi-presidential republic. Parliament (Seimas) has one chamber (a unicameral legislature).
Knowledge check
Three questions about Lithuania.
QUESTION 1 OF 3
Which city is identified as the capital of Lithuania?
Sources & notes
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile
Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.
Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.