Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe. Its capital is Vilnius.
Europe and its surrounding regions. The dot marks Vilnius; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.
Natural Earth · locator mapLithuania is largely a country of low plains and gently rolling uplands shaped by glaciers. Lakes and forests are prominent in the east, while the west reaches the Baltic Sea. Major rivers cross agricultural and wooded lowlands.
The Curonian Spit is a narrow sandy barrier between a lagoon and the open sea. In Aukštaitija, lakes and forests create a very different inland landscape. These regions illustrate the contrast between wind-shaped coast and glacial lake country.
The climate transitions from maritime influence near the Baltic to more continental conditions inland. Winters are cold, while summers are generally mild to warm.
Dunes, wetlands and forest support different plant and animal communities. Rivers and lakes undergo strong seasonal changes, including freezing in winter. Coastal habitats are influenced by waves, wind and the brackish Baltic environment.
Three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), green, and red
A dune slope overlooks the lagoon on Lithuania’s Baltic coast.
Photo: Hartmut Schmidt Heidelberg · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
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The inland lake near Molėtai illustrates Lithuania’s lowland lake landscapes.
Photo: Šarūnas Šimkus · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Lithuanian is the official language. It belongs to the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family, alongside Latvian.
Polish and Russian are significant minority languages, with Polish especially associated with parts of the southeast. Ukrainian, Belarusian and other languages are also spoken by residents.
Lithuania has medieval roots as a grand duchy and later formed a commonwealth with Poland. It restored independence in 1918, was occupied in 1940, and declared the restoration of independence again in 1990. Soviet recognition followed in 1991.
Manufacturing, transport, business services and technology contribute to the economy. Food products, furniture, chemicals and machinery are important outputs. Lithuania is an EU member and uses the euro.
metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, televisions, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture, textiles, food processing, fertilizer, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, lasers, electronic components, computers, amber jewelry, information technology, video game development, app/software development, biotechnology
Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.
Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.
Sources: World Bank · Population
| Year | People | Millions of people |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 3,139,689 | 3.140 |
| 1980 | 3,413,202 | 3.413 |
| 1990 | 3,697,838 | 3.698 |
| 2000 | 3,499,536 | 3.500 |
| 2010 | 3,097,282 | 3.097 |
| 2020 | 2,810,369 | 2.810 |
| 2025 | 2,888,774 | 2.889 |
Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.
Sources: World Bank · Real GDP
| Year | Constant 2015 US$ | Billions of constant 2015 US dollars |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 30,815,380,534 | 30.815 |
| 1991 | 29,066,402,990 | 29.066 |
| 1992 | 22,887,185,266 | 22.887 |
| 1993 | 19,173,313,226 | 19.173 |
| 1994 | 17,300,837,252 | 17.301 |
| 1995 | 17,870,049,093 | 17.870 |
| 1996 | 18,768,366,412 | 18.768 |
| 1997 | 20,326,259,135 | 20.326 |
| 1998 | 21,843,195,079 | 21.843 |
| 1999 | 21,603,573,442 | 21.604 |
| 2000 | 22,342,117,971 | 22.342 |
| 2001 | 23,790,809,197 | 23.791 |
| 2002 | 25,389,513,379 | 25.390 |
| 2003 | 28,068,588,416 | 28.069 |
| 2004 | 29,893,617,960 | 29.894 |
| 2005 | 32,204,827,117 | 32.205 |
| 2006 | 34,586,529,059 | 34.587 |
| 2007 | 38,417,999,936 | 38.418 |
| 2008 | 39,416,661,071 | 39.417 |
| 2009 | 33,567,775,754 | 33.568 |
| 2010 | 33,711,177,147 | 33.711 |
| 2011 | 35,842,949,499 | 35.843 |
| 2012 | 37,413,912,227 | 37.414 |
| 2013 | 38,928,020,774 | 38.928 |
| 2014 | 40,396,597,407 | 40.397 |
| 2015 | 41,540,954,817 | 41.541 |
| 2016 | 42,650,896,791 | 42.651 |
| 2017 | 44,618,059,836 | 44.618 |
| 2018 | 46,812,540,125 | 46.813 |
| 2019 | 49,002,127,329 | 49.002 |
| 2020 | 49,023,107,999 | 49.023 |
| 2021 | 52,158,046,400 | 52.158 |
| 2022 | 53,443,909,218 | 53.444 |
| 2023 | 53,839,146,914 | 53.839 |
| 2024 | 55,470,578,288 | 55.471 |
| 2025 | 57,090,361,645 | 57.090 |
The Human Development Index combines health, education and income. Scores range from 0 to 1.
The latest values refer to 2023. All historical scores use the same report edition. HDI does not describe every aspect of inequality or quality of life.
Sources: UNDP · Human Development Report 2025
Semi-presidential republic. Parliament (Seimas) has one chamber (a unicameral legislature).
Three questions about Lithuania.
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile
Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.
Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.
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