01
Physical geography
Hilly, rugged, rocky.
Local timeMonaco ·
Europe / Western Europe · Card 034
Monaco
Monaco is a country in Western Europe. Its capital is Monaco.
Find Monaco
● Capital · Gold highlights this card’s area.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
At a glance
- Capital
- Monaco
- Languages
- French
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)
- Population
- 38,3412025 · World Bank
- Area
- 2.08 km²0.80 square miles
- Sovereignty treaty
- 1861Agreement with France.
Monaco in context
Europe and its surrounding regions. The dot marks Monaco; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.
Natural Earth · locator mapGeography & languages
02
Languages
Languages used in public life include French.
03
Location
Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy.
Flag
Two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · Monaco Ports · area and geography
History & status
The Grimaldi family has long been associated with Monaco. An 1861 treaty with France confirmed its sovereignty while transferring Menton and Roquebrune to France. The 1962 constitution shaped the modern constitutional monarchy.
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A treaty with France confirms sovereignty
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A new constitution is adopted
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Monaco joins the United Nations
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · Monaco Ports · area and geography
Economy
Main activities
Finance, business services, tourism and real estate are major activities. A very small territory and a large commuting workforce distinguish Monaco from larger economies. It uses the euro through a monetary agreement.
Industry and production
banking, insurance, tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · Monaco Ports · area and geography
Population & economic trends
Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.
Population, 1970–2025
Thousands of people38.32025 · thousands of people
Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.
Sources: World Bank · Population
View data table
| Year | People | Thousands of people |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 24,229 | 24.229 |
| 1980 | 27,122 | 27.122 |
| 1990 | 30,358 | 30.358 |
| 2000 | 32,455 | 32.455 |
| 2010 | 33,163 | 33.163 |
| 2020 | 38,050 | 38.050 |
| 2025 | 38,341 | 38.341 |
Real GDP, 1990–2024
Billions of constant 2015 US dollars9.52024 · billions of constant 2015 US dollars
Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.
Sources: World Bank · Real GDP
View data table
| Year | Constant 2015 US$ | Billions of constant 2015 US dollars |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 3,214,254,131 | 3.214 |
| 1991 | 3,246,882,960 | 3.247 |
| 1992 | 3,291,256,146 | 3.291 |
| 1993 | 3,261,176,707 | 3.261 |
| 1994 | 3,333,432,128 | 3.333 |
| 1995 | 3,404,005,987 | 3.404 |
| 1996 | 3,441,815,364 | 3.442 |
| 1997 | 3,518,817,353 | 3.519 |
| 1998 | 3,642,090,885 | 3.642 |
| 1999 | 3,762,299,515 | 3.762 |
| 2000 | 3,909,414,077 | 3.909 |
| 2001 | 3,994,941,646 | 3.995 |
| 2002 | 4,035,949,625 | 4.036 |
| 2003 | 4,079,842,052 | 4.080 |
| 2004 | 4,180,633,840 | 4.181 |
| 2005 | 4,259,874,164 | 4.260 |
| 2006 | 4,507,698,669 | 4.508 |
| 2007 | 5,158,498,315 | 5.158 |
| 2008 | 5,197,025,654 | 5.197 |
| 2009 | 4,607,839,553 | 4.608 |
| 2010 | 4,703,001,560 | 4.703 |
| 2011 | 5,033,263,117 | 5.033 |
| 2012 | 5,084,210,733 | 5.084 |
| 2013 | 5,571,130,594 | 5.571 |
| 2014 | 5,971,529,297 | 5.972 |
| 2015 | 6,264,753,586 | 6.265 |
| 2016 | 6,453,225,163 | 6.453 |
| 2017 | 6,246,322,940 | 6.246 |
| 2018 | 6,602,232,250 | 6.602 |
| 2019 | 7,072,369,914 | 7.072 |
| 2020 | 6,136,051,448 | 6.136 |
| 2021 | 7,500,231,634 | 7.500 |
| 2022 | 8,345,229,894 | 8.345 |
| 2023 | 8,799,540,111 | 8.800 |
| 2024 | 9,548,428,280 | 9.548 |
Government
A hereditary constitutional monarchy. The Prince is head of state, a Minister of State heads the government, and legislative authority is shared with the elected National Council.
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · Monaco Ports · area and geography
Knowledge check
Three questions about Monaco.
QUESTION 1 OF 3
Which city is identified as the capital of Monaco?
Sources & notes
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile · Monaco Ports · area and geography
Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.
Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.