Moldova is a country in Eastern Europe. Its capital is Chișinău.
Europe and its surrounding regions. The dot marks Chișinău; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.
Natural Earth · locator mapMoldova is a landlocked country of rolling hills, broad valleys and agricultural plains. The Prut forms much of the western boundary, while the Dniester crosses the east. There are no high mountain ranges.
River valleys such as the Răut around Orheiul Vechi cut into limestone and create local cliffs and bends. Elsewhere, cultivated slopes and woodland form a gentler landscape. Soils and relief have helped make agriculture a major use of the land.
The continental climate brings warm summers and cold winters. Rainfall is generally lower than in many parts of western Europe.
Seasonal rainfall and river flow influence farming and water supplies. Sloping fields can be vulnerable to erosion. Forest patches, valley wetlands and uncultivated grasslands provide habitats within an extensively agricultural country.
Three equal vertical bands of Prussian blue (left side), chrome yellow, and vermilion red; the Moldavan coat of arms in the center is a dark gold Roman eagle outlined in black, with a red beak and talons; the eagle carries a yellow cross in its beak, a green olive branch in its right talons, and a yellow scepter in its left talons; on the eagle's breast is a red-and-blue shield divided horizontally, with a stylized aurochs head, star, rose, and crescent in black and outlined yellow; the reverse of the flag displays a mirror image of the coat of arms
The river cuts through Moldova’s rolling terrain.
Photo: Serhio · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
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The Răut River curves through the landscape near the historic settlement.
Romanian is the official language. Older sources may use the name “Moldovan,” but this does not describe a separate standard language from Romanian.
Russian, Gagauz, Ukrainian, Bulgarian and Romani are also spoken. Gagauz has a particular role in the autonomous region of Gagauzia, while language use and administration differ in the disputed Transnistrian region.
Much of modern Moldova was part of Bessarabia, a region contested among neighboring powers. Moldova declared independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Conflict in 1992 left Transnistria outside the central government's effective control.
Agriculture, wine and food processing, manufacturing and services contribute to the economy. Remittances are significant for households. Energy supplies, emigration and access to export markets are important economic issues.
sugar processing, vegetable oil, food processing, agricultural machinery; foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines; hosiery, shoes, textiles
Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.
Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.
Sources: World Bank · Population
| Year | People | Millions of people |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 2,437,590 | 2.438 |
| 1980 | 2,708,675 | 2.709 |
| 1990 | 2,977,912 | 2.978 |
| 2000 | 2,924,668 | 2.925 |
| 2010 | 2,862,354 | 2.862 |
| 2020 | 2,635,130 | 2.635 |
| 2025 | 2,360,527 | 2.361 |
Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.
Sources: World Bank · Real GDP
| Year | Constant 2015 US$ | Billions of constant 2015 US dollars |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 11,137,693,133 | 11.138 |
| 1991 | 9,355,662,201 | 9.356 |
| 1992 | 6,633,164,508 | 6.633 |
| 1993 | 6,553,566,539 | 6.554 |
| 1994 | 4,528,514,463 | 4.529 |
| 1995 | 4,465,115,304 | 4.465 |
| 1996 | 4,202,697,785 | 4.203 |
| 1997 | 4,271,918,931 | 4.272 |
| 1998 | 3,992,441,789 | 3.992 |
| 1999 | 3,857,966,190 | 3.858 |
| 2000 | 3,939,281,164 | 3.939 |
| 2001 | 4,179,577,331 | 4.180 |
| 2002 | 4,505,584,348 | 4.506 |
| 2003 | 4,802,952,913 | 4.803 |
| 2004 | 5,158,371,416 | 5.158 |
| 2005 | 5,545,249,280 | 5.545 |
| 2006 | 5,811,421,236 | 5.811 |
| 2007 | 5,985,763,886 | 5.986 |
| 2008 | 6,452,653,478 | 6.453 |
| 2009 | 6,065,494,253 | 6.065 |
| 2010 | 6,496,144,351 | 6.496 |
| 2011 | 6,874,100,823 | 6.874 |
| 2012 | 6,833,561,916 | 6.834 |
| 2013 | 7,451,580,072 | 7.452 |
| 2014 | 7,824,131,196 | 7.824 |
| 2015 | 7,797,667,197 | 7.798 |
| 2016 | 8,159,947,935 | 8.160 |
| 2017 | 8,500,675,704 | 8.501 |
| 2018 | 8,847,128,858 | 8.847 |
| 2019 | 9,161,406,662 | 9.161 |
| 2020 | 8,403,210,633 | 8.403 |
| 2021 | 9,573,777,856 | 9.574 |
| 2022 | 9,128,802,926 | 9.129 |
| 2023 | 9,237,254,992 | 9.237 |
| 2024 | 9,262,257,512 | 9.262 |
| 2025 | 9,486,079,719 | 9.486 |
The Human Development Index combines health, education and income. Scores range from 0 to 1.
The latest values refer to 2023. All historical scores use the same report edition. HDI does not describe every aspect of inequality or quality of life.
Sources: UNDP · Human Development Report 2025
Parliamentary republic. Parliament (Parlament) has one chamber (a unicameral legislature).
Three questions about Moldova.
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile
Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.
Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.
