01
Physical geography
Central plain; Khorat Plateau in the east; mountains elsewhere.
Local timeBangkok ·
Asia / South-Eastern Asia · Card 044
Thailand
Thailand is a country in South-Eastern Asia. Its capital is Bangkok.
Find Thailand
● Capital · Gold highlights this card’s area.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
At a glance
- Capital
- Bangkok
- Languages
- Thai
- Currency
- Thai baht (THB)
- Population
- 71.6 million2025 · World Bank
- Area
- 513,120 km²198,117 square miles
- Constitutional monarchy
- Since 1932Thailand was not colonized by a European power.
Thailand in context
Asia and its surrounding regions. The dot marks Bangkok; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.
Natural Earth · locator mapGeography & languages
02
Languages
Languages used in public life include Thai.
03
Location
Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma.
Flag
Five horizontal bands of red (top), white, blue (double-width), white, and red
History & status
Thai kingdoms developed over many centuries, and Siam retained formal independence during European colonial expansion. A 1932 revolution replaced absolute monarchy with constitutional monarchy. The country was renamed Thailand in 1939; subsequent decades included periods of civilian rule and military coups.
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Bangkok becomes the capital
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Constitutional monarchy introduced
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Siam renamed Thailand
Economy
Main activities
Manufacturing, tourism, agriculture and services are major activities. Vehicles, electronics, food products, rice and rubber are important industries or exports.
Industry and production
tourism, textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry and electric appliances, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics, automobiles and automotive parts, agricultural machinery, air conditioning and refrigeration, ceramics, aluminum, chemical, environmental management, glass, granite and marble, leather, machinery and metal work, petrochemical, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, printing, pulp and paper, r
Population & economic trends
Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.
Population, 1970–2025
Millions of people71.62025 · millions of people
Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.
Sources: World Bank · Population
View data table
| Year | People | Millions of people |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 35,954,408 | 35.954 |
| 1980 | 45,650,022 | 45.650 |
| 1990 | 54,738,329 | 54.738 |
| 2000 | 63,007,815 | 63.008 |
| 2010 | 68,579,447 | 68.579 |
| 2020 | 71,641,484 | 71.641 |
| 2025 | 71,619,863 | 71.620 |
Real GDP, 1990–2025
Billions of constant 2015 US dollars485.82025 · billions of constant 2015 US dollars
Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.
Sources: World Bank · Real GDP
View data table
| Year | Constant 2015 US$ | Billions of constant 2015 US dollars |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 144,044,991,708 | 144.045 |
| 1991 | 156,372,737,079 | 156.373 |
| 1992 | 169,012,952,180 | 169.013 |
| 1993 | 182,959,758,879 | 182.960 |
| 1994 | 197,591,095,928 | 197.591 |
| 1995 | 213,636,116,013 | 213.636 |
| 1996 | 225,710,710,648 | 225.711 |
| 1997 | 219,495,596,601 | 219.496 |
| 1998 | 202,739,225,305 | 202.739 |
| 1999 | 212,009,086,619 | 212.009 |
| 2000 | 221,454,615,182 | 221.455 |
| 2001 | 229,082,063,572 | 229.082 |
| 2002 | 243,168,402,250 | 243.168 |
| 2003 | 260,650,370,325 | 260.650 |
| 2004 | 277,043,563,911 | 277.044 |
| 2005 | 288,645,146,658 | 288.645 |
| 2006 | 302,984,491,695 | 302.984 |
| 2007 | 319,452,158,417 | 319.452 |
| 2008 | 324,964,940,637 | 324.965 |
| 2009 | 322,720,673,508 | 322.721 |
| 2010 | 346,967,938,038 | 346.968 |
| 2011 | 349,882,927,004 | 349.883 |
| 2012 | 375,224,234,354 | 375.224 |
| 2013 | 385,308,369,004 | 385.308 |
| 2014 | 389,101,609,926 | 389.102 |
| 2015 | 401,296,238,228 | 401.296 |
| 2016 | 415,081,396,923 | 415.081 |
| 2017 | 432,422,173,710 | 432.422 |
| 2018 | 450,682,801,200 | 450.683 |
| 2019 | 460,212,749,510 | 460.213 |
| 2020 | 432,171,696,151 | 432.172 |
| 2021 | 438,907,447,803 | 438.907 |
| 2022 | 450,485,133,398 | 450.485 |
| 2023 | 460,615,797,953 | 460.616 |
| 2024 | 474,197,514,754 | 474.198 |
| 2025 | 485,779,667,894 | 485.780 |
Human development
The Human Development Index combines health, education and income. Scores range from 0 to 1.
HDI · 20230.798High human developmentRank 76 of 193 · 2025 report
Human Development Index over time
19900.584
20000.657
20100.742
20200.798
20230.798
76.4 yearsLife expectancy at birth
9.0 yearsMean schooling, adults aged 25+
The latest values refer to 2023. All historical scores use the same report edition. HDI does not describe every aspect of inequality or quality of life.
Sources: UNDP · Human Development Report 2025
Government
Constitutional monarchy. National Assembly (Rathhasapha) has two chambers (a bicameral legislature).
Knowledge check
Three questions about Thailand.
QUESTION 1 OF 3
Which currency is listed for Thailand?
Sources & notes
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile
Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.
Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.