01
Location
Neighboring states: Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma.
Local timeAustin ·
U.S. States / South · Card 043
Texas
Texas is a U.S. state in the South. Its capital is Austin.
Find Texas
● State capital · Gold highlights Texas.
Map: Natural Earth. Neighboring states use postal abbreviations.
Map: Natural Earth. Neighboring states use postal abbreviations.
At a glance
- Capital
- Austin
- Postal abbreviation
- TX
- Population
- 31,709,821July 1, 2025 · Census estimate
- Total area
- 695,662 km²268,596 square miles · land and water
- Statehood
- December 29, 1845State number 28
- Currency
- U.S. dollar (USD)
Sources: Census · population · Census · area
Texas in context
Gold shows Texas. The dot marks Austin.
Alaska and Hawaii are shown in separate insets at different scales.Geography & flag
02
Landscape & places
Big Bend includes Chihuahuan Desert landscapes, mountains and canyons along the Rio Grande.
03
Land and water
The total area includes 676,587 km² of land and 19,075 km² of water, according to Census area measurements.
State flag
A blue vertical band with one white star, beside white and red horizontal bands.
Sources: Census · geographic reference · Census · area measurements · National Park Service · Big Bend
History & statehood
Texas became an independent republic after separating from Mexico in 1836. U.S. annexation and statehood followed in 1845. Texas transferred extensive western and northern land claims to the United States in 1850.
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Republic of Texas established
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Statehood · State number 28
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Western and northern land claims transferred
Sources: Congressional Research Service · statehood · U.S. Census Bureau · historical geography · National Park Service
Economy
Main activities
In 2025, real estate and rental and leasing was the largest of the broad industry groups compared here by current-dollar output. Other major groups included professional and business services, manufacturing, and government and government enterprises.
Total economic output was $2,904.4 billion in current dollars in 2025.
Largest industry groups · 2025
- Real estate and rental and leasing: 12.9%
- Professional and business services: 12.3%
- Manufacturing: 11.4%
- Government and government enterprises: 9.1%
Share of total current-dollar GDP. These figures measure output, not employment.
Sources: BEA · annual GDP by state, SAGDP2
Population & economic trends
Population, 2020–2025
Millions of people31.712025 · millions of people
July 1 resident population estimates, using the Census Bureau’s Vintage 2025 series.
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau
View data table
| Year | People |
|---|---|
| 2020 | 29,237,895 |
| 2021 | 29,572,672 |
| 2022 | 30,118,002 |
| 2023 | 30,719,247 |
| 2024 | 31,318,578 |
| 2025 | 31,709,821 |
Real GDP, 2010–2025
Billions of chained 2017 dollars2,277.202025 · billions of chained 2017 dollars
Real GDP measures economic output adjusted for inflation. The chart uses BEA’s chained 2017 dollars.
Sources: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
View data table
| Year | Millions of chained 2017 dollars |
|---|---|
| 2010 | 1,323,059.1 |
| 2011 | 1,370,174.9 |
| 2012 | 1,438,354.4 |
| 2013 | 1,511,806.5 |
| 2014 | 1,559,636.1 |
| 2015 | 1,634,127.1 |
| 2016 | 1,633,863.3 |
| 2017 | 1,667,313.0 |
| 2018 | 1,746,543.3 |
| 2019 | 1,806,736.1 |
| 2020 | 1,782,738.2 |
| 2021 | 1,905,512.4 |
| 2022 | 1,975,164.0 |
| 2023 | 2,137,536.7 |
| 2024 | 2,221,943.3 |
| 2025 | 2,277,203.3 |
Government
Texas has three branches of state government. The governor leads the executive branch. A Senate and House of Representatives form the legislature, which passes state laws and budgets. State courts interpret and apply the law.
Sources: USAGov · Texas
Knowledge check
Three questions about Texas.
QUESTION 1 OF 3
What is the capital of Texas?
Sources & notes
Prepared 27 September 2026. Population: Census Bureau Vintage 2025, July 1 estimates for 2020–2025. Real GDP: BEA annual state accounts, SAGDP9, millions of chained 2017 dollars; industry shares: SAGDP2, current dollars. Data downloaded 27 September 2026. Area measurements include land and water.
Sources: Census · population estimates · BEA · state GDP · Census · area measurements · Natural Earth · map data
The capital clock shows current local time. Statistical figures are dated estimates and may be revised.