Local time--:--:--Yerevan ·

Asia / Western Asia · Card 002

Armenia

Armenia is a country in Western Asia. Its capital is Yerevan.

Find Armenia

● Capital · Gold highlights this card’s area.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.

At a glance

Capital: Yerevan
Language guide: Languages spoken & official status
Currency: Armenian dram (AMD)
Population: 3.1 million2025 · World Bank
Area: 29,743 km²11,484 square miles
Independence: 1991from the Soviet Union

Armenia in context

Asia and its surrounding regions. The dot marks Yerevan; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.

Natural Earth · locator map

Geography & environment

Landscape

Armenia is a landlocked highland country with mountain ranges, volcanic plateaus and deeply cut valleys. Flat land is limited, although lower basins such as the Ararat plain support substantial farming and settlement. Altitude produces large temperature differences over relatively short distances.

Lake Sevan occupies a high mountain basin. In other regions, including around Dilijan, wooded slopes create a greener landscape than the drier open plateaus. These contrasts reflect elevation, rainfall and the position of valleys within the mountain system.

Climate & seasons

Armenia has a highland continental climate. Summers can be hot in lower valleys, while winters are cold, especially at higher elevations.

Water & habitats

Rivers and lakes supply water to communities and farms. Highland grasslands, rocky slopes and forests provide different habitats. Seasonal snow contributes to the water cycle, while warm, dry summers increase demand for water in lower areas.

Flag

Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and orange

Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile

Landscapes & nature

Languages

Public and official use

Armenian is the official language and the principal language of everyday life. It uses its own alphabet, developed in the early fifth century.

Community and regional languages

Russian is also used, and minority communities include speakers of Yezidi or Kurmanji Kurdish, Assyrian and other languages.

Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile

History & independence

Armenia declared a republic in 1918 before being incorporated into the Soviet Union. It restored independence after a referendum in 1991. Its modern history includes conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh and the displacement of the region’s Armenian population in 2023.

1918
First Armenian republic declared
1991
Independence restored
2023
Displacement from Nagorno-Karabakh

Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile

Economy

Main activities

Services, information technology, mining, food processing and agriculture contribute to the economy. Trade routes, remittances and access to external markets are important.

Industry and production

brandy, mining, diamond processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging and pressing machines, electric motors, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry, software, food processing

Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile

Population & economic trends

Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.

Population, 1970–2025

Millions of people

3.12025 · millions of people

Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.

Sources: World Bank · Population

View data table

Population: source values and plotted units
Year	People	Millions of people
1970	2,475,633	2.476
1980	3,107,415	3.107
1990	3,552,128	3.552
2000	3,221,100	3.221
2010	3,044,800	3.045
2020	2,961,500	2.962
2025	3,086,700	3.087

Real GDP, 1990–2025

Billions of constant 2015 US dollars

17.52025 · billions of constant 2015 US dollars

Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.

Sources: World Bank · Real GDP

View data table

Real GDP: source values and plotted units
Year	Constant 2015 US$	Billions of constant 2015 US dollars
1990	5,839,777,094	5.840
1991	5,156,523,263	5.157
1992	3,001,096,397	3.001
1993	2,736,999,951	2.737
1994	2,884,798,024	2.885
1995	3,083,849,042	3.084
1996	3,264,729,147	3.265
1997	3,373,153,404	3.373
1998	3,619,393,602	3.619
1999	3,738,833,591	3.739
2000	3,959,424,773	3.959
2001	4,339,529,551	4.340
2002	4,912,347,451	4.912
2003	5,600,076,095	5.600
2004	6,188,084,085	6.188
2005	7,048,227,772	7.048
2006	7,978,593,838	7.979
2007	9,071,661,194	9.072
2008	9,697,605,817	9.698
2009	8,330,243,396	8.330
2010	8,513,508,751	8.514
2011	8,913,643,662	8.914
2012	9,555,426,006	9.555
2013	9,870,755,064	9.871
2014	10,226,102,247	10.226
2015	10,553,337,518	10.553
2016	10,574,444,193	10.574
2017	11,367,527,508	11.368
2018	11,958,638,938	11.959
2019	12,867,495,498	12.867
2020	11,941,035,822	11.941
2021	12,633,615,900	12.634
2022	14,225,451,503	14.225
2023	15,406,163,978	15.406
2024	16,315,127,652	16.315
2025	17,489,816,843	17.490

Human development

The Human Development Index combines health, education and income. Scores range from 0 to 1.

HDI · 20230.811Very High human developmentRank 69 of 193 · 2025 report

Human Development Index over time

19900.663

20000.667

20100.747

20200.761

20230.811

75.7 yearsLife expectancy at birth

11.3 yearsMean schooling, adults aged 25+

The latest values refer to 2023. All historical scores use the same report edition. HDI does not describe every aspect of inequality or quality of life.

Sources: UNDP · Human Development Report 2025

Government

Parliamentary republic. The prime minister leads the government, which is accountable to the National Assembly. The president is head of state with more limited executive powers.

Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile

Knowledge check

Three questions about Armenia.

QUESTION 1 OF 3

Which city is identified as the capital of Armenia?

Sources & notes

Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile

Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.

Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.