North Macedonia is a country in Southeast Europe. Its capital is Skopje.
Europe and its surrounding regions. The dot marks Skopje; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.
Natural Earth · locator mapNorth Macedonia is landlocked and mountainous, with valleys and basins between ranges. The Vardar River forms a major north-to-south corridor. Much settlement and agriculture occupy lower ground beside rivers or lakes.
Lake Ohrid, shared with Albania, is an important freshwater landscape in the southwest. The mountains around Mavrovo provide a colder, more rugged contrast. These settings create considerable environmental variety within a small country.
Summers are generally warm and relatively dry, while winters are colder. Mountain elevations receive more snow than the lower valleys.
Mountain forests and grasslands differ from warmer lowland habitats. Seasonal rain and snowmelt feed rivers and lakes. Long-lived lake ecosystems can support species found in very restricted areas, making local conservation especially important.
A red field with a yellow sun (the Sun of Liberty) in the center, with eight broadening rays extending to the edges
Rocky shores meet the lake near Trpejca.
Photo: Ptahhotep · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
The reservoir lies within North Macedonia’s western mountain country.
Photo: David.r.1929 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Macedonian is the official language nationwide, and Albanian also has extensive official use under the country’s language framework.
Turkish, Romani, Aromanian, Serbian and Bosnian are among the other community languages. Local official use depends on legal and demographic conditions. Macedonian uses Cyrillic, while Albanian uses a Latin-based alphabet.
North Macedonia became independent from Yugoslavia following a referendum in 1991. It separated without the large-scale war experienced by several neighboring republics. The 2018 Prespa Agreement with Greece led to the name North Macedonia in 2019.
Manufacturing, trade, services and agriculture contribute to the economy. Vehicle components, metals, textiles and food products are important outputs. Foreign investment connects some industries to European supply chains.
food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, iron, steel, cement, energy, pharmaceuticals, automotive parts
Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.
Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.
Sources: World Bank · Population
| Year | People | Millions of people |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1,664,208 | 1.664 |
| 1980 | 1,933,038 | 1.933 |
| 1990 | 2,063,689 | 2.064 |
| 2000 | 2,026,350 | 2.026 |
| 2010 | 1,946,298 | 1.946 |
| 2020 | 1,856,124 | 1.856 |
| 2025 | 1,820,909 | 1.821 |
Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.
Sources: World Bank · Real GDP
| Year | Constant 2015 US$ | Billions of constant 2015 US dollars |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 7,293,742,777 | 7.294 |
| 1991 | 6,843,662,858 | 6.844 |
| 1992 | 6,394,362,794 | 6.394 |
| 1993 | 5,916,750,488 | 5.917 |
| 1994 | 5,812,724,182 | 5.813 |
| 1995 | 5,747,928,136 | 5.748 |
| 1996 | 5,816,047,056 | 5.816 |
| 1997 | 5,899,797,048 | 5.900 |
| 1998 | 6,099,135,594 | 6.099 |
| 1999 | 6,363,778,789 | 6.364 |
| 2000 | 6,653,275,728 | 6.653 |
| 2001 | 6,449,202,687 | 6.449 |
| 2002 | 6,545,532,201 | 6.546 |
| 2003 | 6,691,013,308 | 6.691 |
| 2004 | 7,003,757,264 | 7.004 |
| 2005 | 7,334,620,965 | 7.335 |
| 2006 | 7,711,402,290 | 7.711 |
| 2007 | 8,210,598,903 | 8.211 |
| 2008 | 8,659,882,990 | 8.660 |
| 2009 | 8,628,827,363 | 8.629 |
| 2010 | 8,918,648,176 | 8.919 |
| 2011 | 9,127,334,380 | 9.127 |
| 2012 | 9,085,697,011 | 9.086 |
| 2013 | 9,351,477,060 | 9.351 |
| 2014 | 9,690,853,712 | 9.691 |
| 2015 | 10,064,519,963 | 10.065 |
| 2016 | 10,351,178,143 | 10.351 |
| 2017 | 10,463,154,366 | 10.463 |
| 2018 | 10,764,555,646 | 10.765 |
| 2019 | 11,185,494,934 | 11.185 |
| 2020 | 10,661,068,595 | 10.661 |
| 2021 | 11,141,955,230 | 11.142 |
| 2022 | 11,449,348,867 | 11.449 |
| 2023 | 11,741,875,753 | 11.742 |
| 2024 | 12,093,396,440 | 12.093 |
| 2025 | 12,515,101,179 | 12.515 |
The Human Development Index combines health, education and income. Scores range from 0 to 1.
The latest values refer to 2023. All historical scores use the same report edition. HDI does not describe every aspect of inequality or quality of life.
Sources: UNDP · Human Development Report 2025
Parliamentary republic. Assembly of the Republic (Sobranie) has one chamber (a unicameral legislature).
Three questions about North Macedonia.
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile
Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.
Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.
