01
Physical geography
A short southwestern coastal strip of Karst topography on the Adriatic; an alpine mountain region lies adjacent to Italy and Austria in the north; mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east.
Local timeLjubljana ·
Europe / Central Europe · Card 048
Slovenia
Slovenia is a country in Central Europe. Its capital is Ljubljana.
Find Slovenia
● Capital · Gold highlights this card’s area.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
At a glance
- Capital
- Ljubljana
- Languages
- Slovene
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)
- Population
- 2.1 million2025 · World Bank
- Area
- 20,273 km²7,827.45 square miles
- Independence
- 1991from Yugoslavia
Slovenia in context
Europe and its surrounding regions. The dot marks Ljubljana; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.
Natural Earth · locator mapGeography & languages
02
Languages
Languages used in public life include Slovene.
03
Location
south Central Europe, Julian Alps between Austria and Croatia.
Flag
Three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red; the Slovenian seal (a shield with Triglav, the country's highest peak, in white on a blue background) is at the center, with two wavy blue lines under it; three six-pointed stars in an inverted triangle appear on the upper-left
History & independence
Slovenia was part of the Habsburg realm before joining the new South Slav state in 1918. A referendum in 1990 supported independence from Yugoslavia. The declaration in June 1991 was followed by a brief war, after which separation was secured.
-
Slovenia declares independence
-
Slovenia joins the EU and NATO
-
Slovenia adopts the euro
Economy
Main activities
Manufacturing and services are major activities. Pharmaceuticals, vehicle components, machinery and electrical equipment are important exports. Tourism and the port of Koper also contribute.
Industry and production
ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting; electronics (including military electronics), trucks, automobiles, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools
Population & economic trends
Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.
Population, 1970–2025
Millions of people2.12025 · millions of people
Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.
Sources: World Bank · Population
View data table
| Year | People | Millions of people |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1,724,891 | 1.725 |
| 1980 | 1,901,315 | 1.901 |
| 1990 | 1,998,161 | 1.998 |
| 2000 | 1,988,925 | 1.989 |
| 2010 | 2,048,583 | 2.049 |
| 2020 | 2,102,419 | 2.102 |
| 2025 | 2,130,986 | 2.131 |
Real GDP, 1990–2025
Billions of constant 2015 US dollars56.22025 · billions of constant 2015 US dollars
Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.
Sources: World Bank · Real GDP
View data table
| Year | Constant 2015 US$ | Billions of constant 2015 US dollars |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 27,206,131,641 | 27.206 |
| 1991 | 24,784,756,708 | 24.785 |
| 1992 | 23,430,592,693 | 23.431 |
| 1993 | 24,096,822,864 | 24.097 |
| 1994 | 25,380,577,956 | 25.381 |
| 1995 | 26,422,998,604 | 26.423 |
| 1996 | 27,192,863,782 | 27.193 |
| 1997 | 28,599,098,755 | 28.599 |
| 1998 | 29,475,325,366 | 29.475 |
| 1999 | 31,028,087,571 | 31.028 |
| 2000 | 32,113,425,072 | 32.113 |
| 2001 | 33,021,812,644 | 33.022 |
| 2002 | 34,105,781,288 | 34.106 |
| 2003 | 35,195,471,632 | 35.195 |
| 2004 | 36,795,465,565 | 36.795 |
| 2005 | 38,213,609,800 | 38.214 |
| 2006 | 40,471,568,430 | 40.472 |
| 2007 | 43,360,927,308 | 43.361 |
| 2008 | 44,823,161,262 | 44.823 |
| 2009 | 41,420,820,596 | 41.421 |
| 2010 | 41,881,476,947 | 41.881 |
| 2011 | 42,155,984,116 | 42.156 |
| 2012 | 40,926,910,456 | 40.927 |
| 2013 | 40,589,764,219 | 40.590 |
| 2014 | 41,711,191,731 | 41.711 |
| 2015 | 42,709,468,275 | 42.709 |
| 2016 | 44,005,450,730 | 44.005 |
| 2017 | 46,282,469,721 | 46.282 |
| 2018 | 48,309,217,703 | 48.309 |
| 2019 | 50,002,578,163 | 50.003 |
| 2020 | 47,959,972,370 | 47.960 |
| 2021 | 51,996,698,296 | 51.997 |
| 2022 | 53,384,233,078 | 53.384 |
| 2023 | 54,652,553,126 | 54.653 |
| 2024 | 55,598,805,914 | 55.599 |
| 2025 | 56,188,114,316 | 56.188 |
Human development
The Human Development Index combines health, education and income. Scores range from 0 to 1.
HDI · 20230.931Very High human developmentRank 21 of 193 · 2025 report
Human Development Index over time
19900.734
20000.829
20100.896
20200.918
20230.931
81.6 yearsLife expectancy at birth
13.0 yearsMean schooling, adults aged 25+
The latest values refer to 2023. All historical scores use the same report edition. HDI does not describe every aspect of inequality or quality of life.
Sources: UNDP · Human Development Report 2025
Government
Parliamentary republic. Parliament has two chambers (a bicameral legislature).
Knowledge check
Three questions about Slovenia.
QUESTION 1 OF 3
Which port contributes to Slovenia’s economy?
Sources & notes
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile
Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.
Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.