Montenegro is a country in Southeast Europe. Its capital is Podgorica.
Europe and its surrounding regions. The dot marks Podgorica; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.
Natural Earth · locator mapMontenegro combines a narrow Adriatic coast with rugged mountain country inland. Limestone ranges, deep river canyons and high plateaus create strong relief. Flat land is limited to selected basins and coastal areas.
Durmitor contains high peaks and glacial lakes. The Bay of Kotor is a deeply indented coastal inlet enclosed by mountains, creating a striking meeting of sea and steep land. These areas differ from lower inland plains around Lake Skadar.
The Adriatic coast has hot, dry summers and milder winters. Inland mountains are much colder and can receive heavy winter snow.
Limestone terrain can channel water underground before it emerges at springs. Mountain snow and heavy rain feed rivers and lakes. Coastal Mediterranean habitats contrast with forests and alpine environments at higher elevations.
A red field bordered with a narrow golden-yellow stripe; the Montenegrin coat of arms in the center is a double-headed golden eagle, with a crown above; the eagle holds a golden scepter in its right claw and a blue orb in its left; the eagle's breast shield shows a golden lion on a green field in front of a blue sky
High peaks and valleys characterize Montenegro’s interior.
Photo: Pudelek · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Mountain slopes surround the deeply indented coastal bay.
Photo: Gzzz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Montenegrin is the official language. Serbian, Bosnian, Albanian and Croatian also have official use under the constitution.
Both Cyrillic and Latin scripts are used. Montenegrin, Serbian, Bosnian and Croatian are closely related standard varieties, while Albanian belongs to a different branch of the Indo-European language family.
Montenegro's independence was internationally recognized in 1878. It later became part of Yugoslavia and then a state union with Serbia. A referendum in 2006 led to renewed independence through a negotiated separation.
Tourism, especially on the Adriatic coast, is a major source of income. Energy, construction, trade and other services also contribute. Montenegro uses the euro without being a euro-area member.
steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism
Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.
Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.
Sources: World Bank · Population
| Year | People | Thousands of people |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 512,407 | 512.407 |
| 1980 | 572,608 | 572.608 |
| 1990 | 606,372 | 606.372 |
| 2000 | 604,950 | 604.950 |
| 2010 | 619,428 | 619.428 |
| 2020 | 626,590 | 626.590 |
| 2025 | 623,129 | 623.129 |
Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.
Sources: World Bank · Real GDP
| Year | Constant 2015 US$ | Billions of constant 2015 US dollars |
|---|---|---|
| 1997 | 2,711,170,862 | 2.711 |
| 1998 | 2,844,018,352 | 2.844 |
| 1999 | 2,576,680,773 | 2.577 |
| 2000 | 2,656,557,791 | 2.657 |
| 2001 | 2,685,775,701 | 2.686 |
| 2002 | 2,736,911,155 | 2.737 |
| 2003 | 2,804,859,323 | 2.805 |
| 2004 | 2,929,003,841 | 2.929 |
| 2005 | 3,051,453,836 | 3.051 |
| 2006 | 3,312,854,185 | 3.313 |
| 2007 | 3,549,310,814 | 3.549 |
| 2008 | 3,794,163,581 | 3.794 |
| 2009 | 3,566,724,394 | 3.567 |
| 2010 | 3,665,722,319 | 3.666 |
| 2011 | 3,790,715,683 | 3.791 |
| 2012 | 3,696,428,119 | 3.696 |
| 2013 | 3,821,593,814 | 3.822 |
| 2014 | 3,912,177,393 | 3.912 |
| 2015 | 4,010,884,107 | 4.011 |
| 2016 | 4,148,830,669 | 4.149 |
| 2017 | 4,282,285,485 | 4.282 |
| 2018 | 4,484,962,680 | 4.485 |
| 2019 | 4,682,028,157 | 4.682 |
| 2020 | 3,980,069,528 | 3.980 |
| 2021 | 4,499,319,777 | 4.499 |
| 2022 | 4,847,546,741 | 4.848 |
| 2023 | 5,161,588,407 | 5.162 |
| 2024 | 5,324,906,167 | 5.325 |
| 2025 | 5,471,051,068 | 5.471 |
The Human Development Index combines health, education and income. Scores range from 0 to 1.
The latest values refer to 2023. All historical scores use the same report edition. HDI does not describe every aspect of inequality or quality of life.
Sources: UNDP · Human Development Report 2025
Parliamentary republic. Parliament (Skupstina) has one chamber (a unicameral legislature).
Three questions about Montenegro.
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile
Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.
Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.
