01
Physical geography
Highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus.
Local timePodgorica ·
Europe / Southeast Europe · Card 035
Montenegro
Montenegro is a country in Southeast Europe. Its capital is Podgorica.
Find Montenegro
● Capital · Gold highlights this card’s area.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
At a glance
- Capital
- Podgorica
- Languages
- Montenegrin
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)
- Population
- 623,1292025 · World Bank
- Area
- 13,812 km²5,332.84 square miles
- Independence
- 2006
Montenegro in context
Europe and its surrounding regions. The dot marks Podgorica; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.
Natural Earth · locator mapGeography & languages
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Languages
Languages used in public life include Montenegrin.
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Location
Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia.
Flag
A red field bordered with a narrow golden-yellow stripe; the Montenegrin coat of arms in the center is a double-headed golden eagle, with a crown above; the eagle holds a golden scepter in its right claw and a blue orb in its left; the eagle's breast shield shows a golden lion on a green field in front of a blue sky
History & independence
Montenegro's independence was internationally recognized in 1878. It later became part of Yugoslavia and then a state union with Serbia. A referendum in 2006 led to renewed independence through a negotiated separation.
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Independence is internationally recognized
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A referendum leads to renewed independence
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Montenegro joins NATO
Economy
Main activities
Tourism, especially on the Adriatic coast, is a major source of income. Energy, construction, trade and other services also contribute. Montenegro uses the euro without being a euro-area member.
Industry and production
steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism
Population & economic trends
Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.
Population, 1970–2025
Thousands of people623.12025 · thousands of people
Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.
Sources: World Bank · Population
View data table
| Year | People | Thousands of people |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 512,407 | 512.407 |
| 1980 | 572,608 | 572.608 |
| 1990 | 606,372 | 606.372 |
| 2000 | 604,950 | 604.950 |
| 2010 | 619,428 | 619.428 |
| 2020 | 626,590 | 626.590 |
| 2025 | 623,129 | 623.129 |
Real GDP, 1997–2025
Billions of constant 2015 US dollars5.52025 · billions of constant 2015 US dollars
Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.
Sources: World Bank · Real GDP
View data table
| Year | Constant 2015 US$ | Billions of constant 2015 US dollars |
|---|---|---|
| 1997 | 2,711,170,862 | 2.711 |
| 1998 | 2,844,018,352 | 2.844 |
| 1999 | 2,576,680,773 | 2.577 |
| 2000 | 2,656,557,791 | 2.657 |
| 2001 | 2,685,775,701 | 2.686 |
| 2002 | 2,736,911,155 | 2.737 |
| 2003 | 2,804,859,323 | 2.805 |
| 2004 | 2,929,003,841 | 2.929 |
| 2005 | 3,051,453,836 | 3.051 |
| 2006 | 3,312,854,185 | 3.313 |
| 2007 | 3,549,310,814 | 3.549 |
| 2008 | 3,794,163,581 | 3.794 |
| 2009 | 3,566,724,394 | 3.567 |
| 2010 | 3,665,722,319 | 3.666 |
| 2011 | 3,790,715,683 | 3.791 |
| 2012 | 3,696,428,119 | 3.696 |
| 2013 | 3,821,593,814 | 3.822 |
| 2014 | 3,912,177,393 | 3.912 |
| 2015 | 4,010,884,107 | 4.011 |
| 2016 | 4,148,830,669 | 4.149 |
| 2017 | 4,282,285,485 | 4.282 |
| 2018 | 4,484,962,680 | 4.485 |
| 2019 | 4,682,028,157 | 4.682 |
| 2020 | 3,980,069,528 | 3.980 |
| 2021 | 4,499,319,777 | 4.499 |
| 2022 | 4,847,546,741 | 4.848 |
| 2023 | 5,161,588,407 | 5.162 |
| 2024 | 5,324,906,167 | 5.325 |
| 2025 | 5,471,051,068 | 5.471 |
Human development
The Human Development Index combines health, education and income. Scores range from 0 to 1.
HDI · 20230.862Very High human developmentRank 48 of 193 · 2025 report
Human Development Index over time
20100.815
20200.841
20230.862
77.1 yearsLife expectancy at birth
12.8 yearsMean schooling, adults aged 25+
The latest values refer to 2023. All historical scores use the same report edition. HDI does not describe every aspect of inequality or quality of life.
Sources: UNDP · Human Development Report 2025
Government
Parliamentary republic. Parliament (Skupstina) has one chamber (a unicameral legislature).
Knowledge check
Three questions about Montenegro.
QUESTION 1 OF 3
Which currency is listed for Montenegro?
Sources & notes
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile
Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.
Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.