Local time--:--:--City of San Marino ·

Europe / Southern Europe · Card 044

San Marino

San Marino is a country in Southern Europe. Its capital is City of San Marino.

Find San Marino

● Capital · Gold highlights this card’s area.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.

At a glance

Capital: City of San Marino
Language guide: Languages spoken & official status
Currency: Euro (EUR)
Population: 34,1092025 · World Bank
Area: 61 km²23.55 square miles
Traditional founding: 301A traditional date, not a modern independence declaration.

San Marino in context

Europe and its surrounding regions. The dot marks City of San Marino; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.

Natural Earth · locator map

Geography & environment

Landscape

San Marino is a small landlocked country surrounded by Italy. Its most prominent feature is Monte Titano, a limestone ridge rising above surrounding hills. Settlements occupy slopes and ridgelines rather than a broad coastal or river plain.

The country’s landscape continues into the rolling terrain of the surrounding Italian region. Lower hills support cultivation and towns, while the ridge creates a distinctive elevated setting. Short distances can still involve substantial changes in height.

Climate & seasons

Summers are warm, while winters are cool to cold. Elevation makes this hill country cooler than nearby low-lying coastal areas.

Hills & land use

Local slopes and soils influence construction, roads and farming. Woodland and cultivated land form a patchwork around settled areas. Seasonal rainfall feeds short streams within the wider regional drainage system.

Flag

Two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue, with the national coat of arms in the center; the main colors come from the shield on the coat of arms, which features three white towers on mountain peaks on a blue field; a wreath and a crown are around the shield, above a scroll with the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)

Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile

Landscapes & nature

Languages

Public and official use

Italian is the official language and the main language of administration, education and everyday communication.

Community and regional languages

Local speech also belongs to the wider Romagnol linguistic tradition of the surrounding region.

Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile

History & status

San Marino traces its traditional foundation to the year 301, although its institutions developed over later centuries. It preserved its separate status as surrounding Italian states consolidated. Its constitutional tradition includes statutes dating to 1600.

301
Traditional date of foundation
1600
Statutes form part of the constitutional tradition
1992
San Marino joins the United Nations

Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile

Economy

Main activities

Manufacturing, tourism, commerce and financial services are important. The economy is closely connected with neighboring Italy. San Marino uses the euro under a monetary agreement while remaining outside the EU.

Industry and production

tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine

Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile

Population & economic trends

Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.

Population, 1970–2025

Thousands of people

34.12025 · thousands of people

Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.

Sources: World Bank · Population

View data table

Population: source values and plotted units
Year	People	Thousands of people
1970	18,168	18.168
1980	21,585	21.585
1990	23,475	23.475
2000	26,799	26.799
2010	33,270	33.270
2020	34,770	34.770
2025	34,109	34.109

Real GDP, 1997–2023

Billions of constant 2015 US dollars

1.72023 · billions of constant 2015 US dollars

Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.

Sources: World Bank · Real GDP

View data table

Real GDP: source values and plotted units
Year	Constant 2015 US$	Billions of constant 2015 US dollars
1997	1,248,965,767	1.249
1998	1,342,208,790	1.342
1999	1,463,670,098	1.464
2000	1,495,569,027	1.496
2001	1,578,996,996	1.579
2002	1,583,904,523	1.584
2003	1,645,248,618	1.645
2004	1,720,088,413	1.720
2005	1,761,802,398	1.762
2006	1,829,280,902	1.829
2007	1,959,330,382	1.959
2008	1,949,515,327	1.950
2009	1,748,306,697	1.748
2010	1,652,609,909	1.653
2011	1,515,199,137	1.515
2012	1,408,460,413	1.408
2013	1,397,418,476	1.397
2014	1,387,603,420	1.388
2015	1,419,400,396	1.419
2016	1,452,676,991	1.453
2017	1,456,428,673	1.456
2018	1,478,186,319	1.478
2019	1,508,721,078	1.509
2020	1,408,422,625	1.408
2021	1,604,162,184	1.604
2022	1,730,866,080	1.731
2023	1,737,822,991	1.738

Human development

The Human Development Index combines health, education and income. Scores range from 0 to 1.

HDI · 20230.915Very High human developmentRank 29 of 193 · 2025 report

Human Development Index over time

20000.881

20100.905

20200.895

20230.915

85.7 yearsLife expectancy at birth

11.4 yearsMean schooling, adults aged 25+

The latest values refer to 2023. All historical scores use the same report edition. HDI does not describe every aspect of inequality or quality of life.

Sources: UNDP · Human Development Report 2025

Government

A parliamentary republic. The elected Grand and General Council is the legislature, and the Congress of State exercises executive functions. Two Captains Regent jointly serve as heads of state for six-month terms.

Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile

Knowledge check

Three questions about San Marino.

QUESTION 1 OF 3

Who jointly serves as San Marino’s heads of state?

Sources & notes

Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile

Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.

Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.