01
Physical geography
Rugged mountains.
Local timeCity of San Marino ·
Europe / Southern Europe · Card 044
San Marino
San Marino is a country in Southern Europe. Its capital is City of San Marino.
Find San Marino
● Capital · Gold highlights this card’s area.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
Map: Natural Earth. Boundaries show geographic context, not a position on sovereignty. Small islands may use enlarged markers.
At a glance
- Capital
- City of San Marino
- Languages
- Italian
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)
- Population
- 34,1092025 · World Bank
- Area
- 61 km²23.55 square miles
- Traditional founding
- 301A traditional date, not a modern independence declaration.
San Marino in context
Europe and its surrounding regions. The dot marks City of San Marino; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.
Natural Earth · locator mapGeography & languages
02
Languages
Languages used in public life include Italian.
03
Location
Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy.
Flag
Two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue, with the national coat of arms in the center; the main colors come from the shield on the coat of arms, which features three white towers on mountain peaks on a blue field; a wreath and a crown are around the shield, above a scroll with the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)
History & status
San Marino traces its traditional foundation to the year 301, although its institutions developed over later centuries. It preserved its separate status as surrounding Italian states consolidated. Its constitutional tradition includes statutes dating to 1600.
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Traditional date of foundation
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Statutes form part of the constitutional tradition
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San Marino joins the United Nations
Economy
Main activities
Manufacturing, tourism, commerce and financial services are important. The economy is closely connected with neighboring Italy. San Marino uses the euro under a monetary agreement while remaining outside the EU.
Industry and production
tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine
Population & economic trends
Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.
Population, 1970–2025
Thousands of people34.12025 · thousands of people
Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.
Sources: World Bank · Population
View data table
| Year | People | Thousands of people |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 18,168 | 18.168 |
| 1980 | 21,585 | 21.585 |
| 1990 | 23,475 | 23.475 |
| 2000 | 26,799 | 26.799 |
| 2010 | 33,270 | 33.270 |
| 2020 | 34,770 | 34.770 |
| 2025 | 34,109 | 34.109 |
Real GDP, 1997–2023
Billions of constant 2015 US dollars1.72023 · billions of constant 2015 US dollars
Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.
Sources: World Bank · Real GDP
View data table
| Year | Constant 2015 US$ | Billions of constant 2015 US dollars |
|---|---|---|
| 1997 | 1,248,965,767 | 1.249 |
| 1998 | 1,342,208,790 | 1.342 |
| 1999 | 1,463,670,098 | 1.464 |
| 2000 | 1,495,569,027 | 1.496 |
| 2001 | 1,578,996,996 | 1.579 |
| 2002 | 1,583,904,523 | 1.584 |
| 2003 | 1,645,248,618 | 1.645 |
| 2004 | 1,720,088,413 | 1.720 |
| 2005 | 1,761,802,398 | 1.762 |
| 2006 | 1,829,280,902 | 1.829 |
| 2007 | 1,959,330,382 | 1.959 |
| 2008 | 1,949,515,327 | 1.950 |
| 2009 | 1,748,306,697 | 1.748 |
| 2010 | 1,652,609,909 | 1.653 |
| 2011 | 1,515,199,137 | 1.515 |
| 2012 | 1,408,460,413 | 1.408 |
| 2013 | 1,397,418,476 | 1.397 |
| 2014 | 1,387,603,420 | 1.388 |
| 2015 | 1,419,400,396 | 1.419 |
| 2016 | 1,452,676,991 | 1.453 |
| 2017 | 1,456,428,673 | 1.456 |
| 2018 | 1,478,186,319 | 1.478 |
| 2019 | 1,508,721,078 | 1.509 |
| 2020 | 1,408,422,625 | 1.408 |
| 2021 | 1,604,162,184 | 1.604 |
| 2022 | 1,730,866,080 | 1.731 |
| 2023 | 1,737,822,991 | 1.738 |
Human development
The Human Development Index combines health, education and income. Scores range from 0 to 1.
HDI · 20230.915Very High human developmentRank 29 of 193 · 2025 report
Human Development Index over time
20000.881
20100.905
20200.895
20230.915
85.7 yearsLife expectancy at birth
11.4 yearsMean schooling, adults aged 25+
The latest values refer to 2023. All historical scores use the same report edition. HDI does not describe every aspect of inequality or quality of life.
Sources: UNDP · Human Development Report 2025
Government
A parliamentary republic. The elected Grand and General Council is the legislature, and the Congress of State exercises executive functions. Two Captains Regent jointly serve as heads of state for six-month terms.
Knowledge check
Three questions about San Marino.
QUESTION 1 OF 3
Who jointly serves as San Marino’s heads of state?
Sources & notes
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile
Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.
Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.