Serbia is a country in Southeast Europe. Its capital is Belgrade.
Europe and its surrounding regions. The dot marks Belgrade; the mapped territory is highlighted in gold.
Natural Earth · locator mapSerbia includes low plains in the north and more mountainous country in the centre and south. The Danube and Sava are major rivers, connecting inland regions with wider European drainage and transport networks.
The Đerdap, or Iron Gates, gorge marks a dramatic section of the Danube along the Romanian boundary. Fruška Gora rises above the northern plains as a wooded upland. These areas contrast with the valleys and mountain basins farther south.
Much of Serbia has a continental climate, with warm summers and cold winters. Mountain elevations are cooler and receive more winter snow than the northern plains.
Floodplains, woodland and mountain habitats occur in different regions. Seasonal rainfall and snowmelt influence river levels. Agriculture is especially extensive on suitable lowland soils, while steeper terrain supports different land uses.
Three equal horizontal stripes of red (top), blue, and white; the national coat of arms is shifted to the left side; the principal field of the coat of arms displays a two-headed white eagle on a red shield; a smaller red shield on the eagle is divided into four quarters by a white cross; a royal crown is on top of the coat of arms
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The Danube cuts through the Iron Gates on the Serbia–Romania border.
Photo: Geologicharka · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
The wooded upland contrasts with the surrounding northern plains.
Photo: Ванилица · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Serbian is the official language. Cyrillic is the official script, while the Latin alphabet is also widely used in everyday life.
Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, Croatian and Rusyn have official roles alongside Serbian in Vojvodina. Bosnian, Albanian, Romani and other languages are also spoken, with local rights and use differing across communities.
Serbia gained autonomy during the nineteenth century and internationally recognized independence in 1878. It became part of Yugoslavia after the First World War. Serbia became a separate successor state in 2006 when Montenegro left their state union. Kosovo's status remains disputed.
Manufacturing, agriculture, trade and services contribute to the economy. Vehicle components, metals, food products and information-technology services are notable outputs. Trade with European partners is important.
automobiles, base metals, furniture, food processing, machinery, chemicals, sugar, tires, clothes, pharmaceuticals
Dated World Bank observations. Population uses selected years; real GDP uses all available annual observations.
Population estimates may be revised. Selected years are shown.
Sources: World Bank · Population
| Year | People | Millions of people |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 7,164,993 | 7.165 |
| 1980 | 7,709,544 | 7.710 |
| 1990 | 7,897,937 | 7.898 |
| 2000 | 7,516,346 | 7.516 |
| 2010 | 7,291,436 | 7.291 |
| 2020 | 6,899,126 | 6.899 |
| 2025 | 6,549,143 | 6.549 |
Constant prices adjust for inflation. This is total economic output, not current-dollar GDP or income per person. Missing years are left as gaps.
Sources: World Bank · Real GDP
| Year | Constant 2015 US$ | Billions of constant 2015 US dollars |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 22,980,131,320 | 22.980 |
| 1996 | 24,396,847,807 | 24.397 |
| 1997 | 26,576,270,302 | 26.576 |
| 1998 | 27,996,144,671 | 27.996 |
| 1999 | 25,105,401,188 | 25.105 |
| 2000 | 26,625,555,757 | 26.626 |
| 2001 | 28,430,375,122 | 28.430 |
| 2002 | 30,290,019,038 | 30.290 |
| 2003 | 31,671,150,001 | 31.671 |
| 2004 | 33,788,958,112 | 33.789 |
| 2005 | 35,783,687,980 | 35.784 |
| 2006 | 37,179,490,291 | 37.179 |
| 2007 | 40,091,414,081 | 40.091 |
| 2008 | 42,160,489,174 | 42.160 |
| 2009 | 40,835,549,107 | 40.836 |
| 2010 | 41,493,398,702 | 41.493 |
| 2011 | 41,515,918,200 | 41.516 |
| 2012 | 41,331,605,760 | 41.332 |
| 2013 | 41,518,250,532 | 41.518 |
| 2014 | 40,769,149,020 | 40.769 |
| 2015 | 41,297,410,635 | 41.297 |
| 2016 | 42,526,090,400 | 42.526 |
| 2017 | 43,531,153,349 | 43.531 |
| 2018 | 45,555,069,182 | 45.555 |
| 2019 | 47,719,029,695 | 47.719 |
| 2020 | 47,265,687,464 | 47.266 |
| 2021 | 51,022,863,668 | 51.023 |
| 2022 | 52,402,255,080 | 52.402 |
| 2023 | 54,366,256,510 | 54.366 |
| 2024 | 56,513,683,534 | 56.514 |
| 2025 | 57,661,132,822 | 57.661 |
The Human Development Index combines health, education and income. Scores range from 0 to 1.
The latest values refer to 2023. All historical scores use the same report edition. HDI does not describe every aspect of inequality or quality of life.
Sources: UNDP · Human Development Report 2025
Parliamentary republic. National Assembly (Narodna skupstina) has one chamber (a unicameral legislature).
Three questions about Serbia.
Sources: CIA World Factbook · archived profile
Prepared 24 September 2026. World Bank series: SP.POP.TOTL (persons) and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD (constant 2015 US dollars); downloaded 24 September 2026, provider update 13 July 2026. UNDP values use the 2025 report and 2023 observation year. These are dated statistical snapshots, not live population or economic counters.
Maps use Natural Earth geographic data. Background geography, flag descriptions and selected historical facts use archived public-domain CIA World Factbook profiles, supplemented by the sources linked above. The Factbook is no longer updated; dated statistics here come from the separately named providers.
